This paper describes the design of a reliable multicast framework which integrates FEC and receiverinitiated retransmit to ensure reliability. A dynamically elected control tree is used to aggregate the NAKs and tackle the NAK implosion problem. Both techniques support flow and congestion control to enable efficient, high data rate multicast data transfer as performance measurements with our pr...

We investigate the scalability of feedback in multicast communication and propose a new method of probabilistic feedback based on exponentially distributed timers. By analysis and simulation for up to 106 receivers we show that feedback implosion is avoided with good latency performance obtained. The mechanism is robust against the loss of feedback messages and robust against homogeneous and he...

Potassium channels selectively conduct K(+), primarily to the exclusion of Na(+), despite the fact that both ions can bind within the selectivity filter. Here we perform crystallographic titration and single-channel electrophysiology to examine the competition of Na(+) and K(+) binding within the filter of two NaK channel mutants; one is the potassium-selective NaK2K mutant and the other is the...

The cause of the abnormal active cation transport in erythrocytes of some uremic patients is unknown. In isolated adipocytes and skeletal muscle from chronically uremic chronic renal failure rats, basal sodium pump activity was decreased by 36 and 30%, and intracellular sodium was increased by 90 and 50%, respectively, compared with pair-fed control rats; insulin-stimulated sodium pump activity...

This thesis describes the construction of a versatile apparatus to study ultracold quantum mixtures capable of simultaneously cooling fermionic Li and K, as well as the bosonic K. The main features of the experimental setup are presented, in particular the addition of a new species Na, which has enabled the study of the Bose-Fermi mixture Na-K. Three main experimental benchmarks are outlined: f...

FXYD proteins, small single-transmembrane proteins, have been proposed to be auxiliary regulatory subunits of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and have recently been implied in ion osmoregulation of teleost fish. In freshwater (FW) fish, numerous ions are actively taken up through mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs) of the gill and skin epithelia, using the Na(+) electrochemical gradient generated by Na(+)-K(+)-A...

We report on the formation of ultracold fermionic Feshbach molecules of NaK, the first fermionic molecule that is chemically stable in its ground state. The lifetime of the nearly degenerate molecular gas exceeds 100 ms in the vicinity of the Feshbach resonance. The measured dependence of the molecular binding energy on the magnetic field demonstrates the open-channel character of the molecules...

Calcium permeability and the concomitant calcium block of monovalent ion current ("Ca(2+) block") are properties of cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel fundamental to visual and olfactory signal transduction. Although most CNG channels bear a conserved glutamate residue crucial for Ca(2+) block, the degree of block displayed by different CNG channels varies greatly. For instance, the Drosophi...