One of the most important technical problems in reliable multicast protocol is reducing redundant feedback information, e.g. NAKs, to avoid feedback implosion. A number of feedback suppression mechanisms have been proposed to deal with this problem. In the MBONE, which is a virtual multicast network and makes multi-point communication across the Internet feasible, the source link, the links dir...

In this paper, we investigate how packet level redundancy mechanisms could be combined with ARQ (Automatic Repeat reQuest) to achieve scalable reliable mobile multicast transmissions. We consider three redundancy mechanisms. The first one called FEC-based mechanism is that redundant packets are achieved by FEC (Forward Error Correction) encoding. The second type called Replicate-based mechanism...

PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that taurine and myoinositol may serve as organic osmolytes in a number of cells, including lens and retinal pigment epithelia, but the mechanism for their increased accumulation in response to hypertonic stress is not known. To assess whether NaK ATPase contributed to the elevated levels of taurine and myoinositol in cells exposed to hypertonic media, we measur...

Existing reliable multicast protocols are designed to perform well in wired networking environments. However, in mobile networking environments, these reliable mobile multicast protocols are not optimal as they do not take into account the limitations of power (energy), storage capacity, processing power, impairments of wireless communication channels, and the frequent changes of location and t...

Ice formation on aerosol particles is a process of crucial importance to Earth's climate and the environmental sciences, but it is not understood at the molecular level. This is partly because the nature of active sites, local surface features where ice growth commences, is still unclear. Here we report direct electron-microscopic observations of deposition growth of aligned ice crystals on fel...

The (sodium -Ipotassium)-activated adenosine triphosphatase (NaK ATPase) in Lubrol extracts of NaI-treated bovine brain microsomes has been purified 30 to 50 times over that in the microsomes by salt and isoelectric precipitation, zonal centrifugation, and a new ammonium sulfate fractionation procedure. The final step in the purification procedure renders the NaK ATPase insoluble. The partially...

1. Introduction Vowel harmony is a requirement by which vowels in a certain domain agree in one or more phonetic features. 1 In Hungarian, the feature subject to harmony is the horizontal position of the tongue ([±back]). In many Hungarian roots, vowels in a word are either all front or all back, as in öröm 'joy', város 'city' (umlaut denotes front round vowels, and acute accent denotes length)...

Ar–Ar dating of authigenic K-feldspar: Quantitative modelling of radiogenic argon-loss through subgrain boundary networks Journal Article How to cite: Mark, D. F.; Kelley, S. P.; Lee, M. R.; Parnell, J.; Sherlock, S. C. and Brown, D. J. (2008). Ar–Ar dating of authigenic K-feldspar: Quantitative modelling of radiogenic argon-loss through subgrain boundary networks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Ac...

The wear performances of bovine tooth enamel (BTE) against translucent tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZP) compared to that of feldspar porcelain and the influence of surface treatments of translucent TZP were investigated by the two-body wear test. Translucent TZP and feldspar porcelain were used as hemisphere abrader specimens with a radius of curvature of 5 mm; flat BTE surfaces were used...

Preliminary results of an investigation into the possible use of glass-ceramic frits from fly ash and glass cullet in terracotta (stoneware) tile manufacture are reported. Two new ceramics were studied and compared with a plant composition, containing 45 wt.% sodium feldspar. In the first ceramic batch 20% of the feldspar was substituted by frits and in the second the whole amount of feldspar w...