Estimates of cigarette consumption per adult male and female available from surveys in eight countries are examined and the figures of national consumption per adult implied by the surveys are compared with national averages obtained from government data and other sources. The errors likely to be found in the surveys are considered and corrected figures are calculated. Estimates are also made o...

The aim of this paper is to describe innovations taking place in national nutrition surveys in the UK and the challenges of undertaking innovations in such settings. National nutrition surveys must be representative of the overall population in characteristics such as socio-economic circumstances, age, sex and region. High response rates are critical. Dietary assessment innovations must therefo...

In a cross-country data set for developing and transitional economies, private consumption per capita from the national accounts deviates on average from mean household income or expenditure based on national sample surveys. Growth rates also differ systematically, such that the ratio of the survey mean to mean consumption from the national accounts is tending to fall over time. The exceptions ...

OBJECTIVES To describe the methods used in the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) to collect nationally representative data on the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assess the value of such data to country HIV surveillance systems. METHODS During 2001-04, national samples of adult women and men in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Dominican Republic, Ghana, Mali, Kenya, United Repu...

social system based on mutual trust among members continues to exist. social trust in modem era is more important than earlier periods. subject of current report is focused on the trust of iranian students in different aspects. main question in this investigation is about social-political trust of these students (based on trust in islamic republic of iran) at the past and present. this matter e...

Contingent choice surveys, in which respondents rate or rank alternative scenarios describing potential futures composed of varying levels of several different attributes, can help national park managers by identifying the preferences of visitors and also the nonuse values generated by park attributes. Many alternative combinations of park attributes can be explored efficiently, helping park ma...

background: an obvious gradient in health outcomes has been implicated in many evidences relating to social and economic factors. proper data are requested to convince policy-makers calling for intersectoral action for health. recently, i.r. of iran has come up with 52 health equity indicators to monitor health equity through the country. conducting regular surveys on 14 out of 52 national heal...

Background:  Elbow surgery is shared by several subspecialties. We were curious about the most common elbow surgeries and their corresponding diagnoses in the United States.   Methods:  We used the National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) and the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery (NSAS) data gathered in 2006-databases that together provide an estimate of all inpatient and ambulatory surgic...

In the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) (http://www.share-project.org), health measures were constructed based on a careful consultation process of health experts and previous health surveys. However, there have been limited efforts to examine the comparability of health data in SHARE. Therefore, we aim to compare self-reports of health based on incidence and prevalence...