The world Englishes (WEs) paradigm describes the spread of English in three concentric circles (Kachru, 1985) – Inner Circle (e.g., USA, UK, and Australia), Outer (e.g. India, Philippines, Singapore), Expanding China, Indonesia, Thailand). With Englishization nativization outside changing demographics users non-native speakers [NNSs] considerably outnumber native [NSs] [Crystal, 1995; Graddol, ...

development of technological capability is one of the effective methods for promoting the firm competitive performance. transfer of suitable technology help the firm to make a strong position in its industry faster than using in-house r&d.; successfulness of a firm based on technology transfer process can be measured with different scales such as measurement of firm competitive performance thro...

“philosophy of technology” is a new branch of the human knowledge which with this specific title has only 30 or 40 years old in the literature of the world thinkers. however, the “technology” is one of the modern world phenomena, which from 19th century drew the attention of the thinkers and was analyzed by romantists, marx and heidegger and in 20th century was considered more but the using of ...

When a text-to-speech (TTS) system is required to speak world news, a large fraction of the words to be spoken will be proper names originating in a wide variety of languages. Phonetization of these names based on target language letter-to-sound rules will typically be inadequate. This is detrimental not only during synthesis, when inappropriate phone sequences are produced, but also during tra...

nowadays, the application of information technology is associated with barriers and challenges. so to prioritize barriers to information technology application in sports organizations, the viewpoints of 71 experts and managers of these organizations were collected by answering a researcher-made questionnaire. validity (face, content) of this questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its reliab...