We are going to prove that every ordinal α with ε0 > α ≥ ω satisfies a natural zero one law in the following sense. For α < ε0 let Nα be the number of occurences of ω in the Cantor normal form of α. (Nα is then the number of edges in the unordered tree which can canonically be associated with α.) We prove that for any α with ω ≤ α < ε0 and any sentence φ in the language of linear orders the lim...

For centuries, scientists have attempted to identify and document analytical laws that underlie physical phenomena in nature. Despite the prevalence of computing power, the process of finding natural laws and their corresponding equations has resisted automation. A key challenge to finding analytic relations automatically is defining algorithmically what makes a correlation in observed data imp...

The performance of deep learning in natural language processing has been spectacular, but the reasons for this success remain unclear because of the inherent complexity of deep learning. This paper provides empirical evidence of its effectiveness and of a limitation of neural networks for language engineering. Precisely, we demonstrate that a neural language model based on long short-term memor...

Today, natural law theory offers the most common intellectual defense for the differential treatment of gays and lesbians. Leading natural law theorists, such as John Finnis,2 Robert George,3 and Richard Duncan,4 have eagerly inserted themselves into debates about law and sexuality. If their arguments are sound, it is permissible to treat gays and lesbians differentially as a matter of law. Nat...

Research in IT must address the design tasks faced by practitioners. Real problems must be properly conceptualized and represented, appropriate techniques for their solution must be constructed, and solutions must be implemented and evaluated using appropriate criteria. If significant progress is to be made, IT research must also develop an understanding of how and why IT systems work or do not...

This essay examines one of the cornerstones of Leibniz’s defense of teleology within the order of nature. The first section explores Leibniz’s contributions to the study of geometrical optics, and argues that his introduction of the “Most Determined Path Principle” or “MDPP” allows him to bring to the fore philosophical issues concerning the legitimacy of teleological explanations by addressing...

The theme of this special issue is “Is Morality Universal, and Should the Law Care?” For me, this question provokes the further question of what morality and the law are. That is what most of this essay is about. The last two sections address the initial question, primarily dealing with laying out its multiple ambiguity. Few of its readings have easy answers; the best I can do in the present di...

We review the notion of a gauge natural theory and we show in particular its role in implementing the very basic principles of any reasonable fundamental physical interaction. Conservation laws are investigated in this general framework by means of a skilful application of Nöther theorem together with the theory of superpotentials. Wess–Zumino model interacting with a gravitational fields is co...

This paper defines an approach to simulation of natural systems, inspired by complex systems theory. A complex natural system is modeled as a multi-agent simulation system, agents representing living organisms, physical entities or environmental processes. Agents and their interactions can be aggregated to higher-level group agents. The properties and behavior of these group agents are determin...