Using first-principle calculations, we characterize the properties of N-confused porphyrins (NCP), with a focus on the differences between the 2H and 3H tautomers. We find that NCP-3H is almost as strongly aromatic as porphyrin, and about twice as aromatic, i.e., remarkably more stable, than NCP-2H, due to the less efficient π-conjugation in the latter form. The deprotonation of the NH-group at...

Isolates of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), the prototype pestivirus, are divided into cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes according to their effect on cultured cells. The cp viruses also differ from ncp viruses by the production of viral nonstructural protein NS3. However, the mechanism by which cp viruses induce cytopathic effect in cell culture remains unknown. Here we used ...

This study exhibited the correlated color temperature (CCT)- and color-rendering index (CRI)-tuning behavior of light emission from white light-emitting diodes (WLEDs) using three-dimensional non-close-packed (3D NCP) colloidal photonic crystals (CPhCs). The CCT of approximately 5300 K (characteristic of cold WLEDs) of white light propagated through the NCP CPhCs dropped to 3000 K (characterist...

The Nucleosome Core Particle (NCP) is the minimal unit in eukaryotic chromatin and a unique target for DNA-binding polyamides. The ability to modulate the stability of nucleosomes would be a useful tool for molecular biology and gene regulation. A series of polyamide clamps designed to differentiate between the NCP and B-form DNA were synthesized and analyzed using DNase I footprinting. In addi...

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histones, such as lysine acetylation of the N-terminal tails, play crucial roles in controlling gene expression. Due to the difficulty in reconstituting site-specifically acetylated nucleosomes with crystallization quality, structural analyses of histone acetylation are currently performed using synthesized tail peptides. Through engineering of the gen...

The nucleosome core particle (NCP) is the basic building block of chromatin. Under the influence of multivalent cations, isolated mononucleosomes exhibit a rich phase behaviour forming various columnar phases with characteristic NCP-NCP stacking. NCP stacking is also a regular element of chromatin structure in vivo. Understanding the mechanism of nucleosome stacking and the conditions leading t...

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus in the Pestivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family. BVDV infections are seen in all ages and breeds of cattle worldwide and have significant economic impact due to productive and reproductive losses (Houe 2003). Two antigenically distinct genotypes of BVDV exist, type 1 and 2 (Ridpath et al. 1994). BVDV of both genotypes may ...

A novel porous three-dimensional bone scaffold was developed using a natural polymer (alginate/Alg) in combination with a naturally obtained biomineral (nano cockle shell powder/nCP) through lyophilization techniques. The scaffold was developed in varying composition mixture of Alg-nCP and characterized using various evaluation techniques as well as preliminary in vitro studies on MG63 human os...

The net community production (NCP) of the Ross Sea, from the early austral spring (mid-October) to the austral summer (mid-February), has been estimated from the seasonal drawdown of CO 2 concentrations integrated over the top 100m of the water column. The de"cits in nutrients and CO 2 indicate three distinct biogeochemical regimes. The regime in the southwestern Ross Sea (Region I) had relativ...