Paget’s disease of the nipple is an unusual manifestation of breast cancer. Most cases of mammary Paget`s disease are associated with an invasive or in situ breast tumor, even with no mass observed in mammography imaging. Very rarely does Paget’s disease occur in the absence of any underlying neoplasia .Herein, we report an 82-year-old woman with an unusual presentation of mammary Paget’s disea...

Background & objectives: Work-related illnesses account for a large number of social problems. According to occupational therapists, occupational diseases are considered as life-threatening factors for workers. The aim of this study was to measure air pollution to suspended particles and to assess the health risk of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in the textile industry. Methods: This analytical-cros...

Body weight is positively associated with bone mineral density but the relationship between obesity and bone mineral density is unclear. Leptin and adiponectin are potential independent contributors to bone mineral density. We assessed the correlations of body composition, leptin and adiponectin with bone mineral density, and whether leptin, adiponectin and body composition determine bone miner...

Most studies of density dependent regulation in plants consider a single target species, but regulation may also occur at the level of the entire community. Knowing whether a community is at carrying capacity is essential for understanding its behaviour because low density plant communities may behave quite differently than their high density counterparts. Also, because the intensity of density...

We show through rigorous derivation and experimental support that the dynamic effective mass density of an inhomogeneous mixture, used in the prediction of wave velocities in the long wavelength limit, can differ from the static version--the volume average of the component mass densities. The physical reason for this difference is explained. The dynamic mass density expression, first derived by...

Humans are unusual among mammals in appearing hairless. Several hypotheses propose explanations for this phenotype, but few data are available to test these hypotheses. To elucidate the evolutionary history of human "hairlessness," a comparative approach is needed. One previous study on primate hair density concluded that great apes have systematically less dense hair than smaller primates. Whi...

This work presents a method to determine the effective dynamic properties of resonant metamaterials. The longitudinal vibration of a rod with periodically attached oscillators was predicted using wave propagation analysis. The effective mass density and modulus were determined from the transfer function of vibration responses. Predictions of these effective properties compared favorably with la...

Acoustic metamaterials utilizing periodic deep subwavelength resonators can attain negative acoustic properties unavailable in nature. We have developed a negative acoustic index metamaterial for water that combines Helmholtz and rod-spring resonators to control effective bulk modulus and mass density, respectively. Effective properties extracted from full-wave simulations of our metamaterial s...

Background: Celiac disease (CD), as an autoimmune disease has initiated since ingestion of food containing gluten. Constant intolerance to gluten causes damages of the small intestinal mucosa. One reason of mal-absorption in children and infants is CD. Additionally, about 75% of newly identified patients with CD have low bone mineral density (BMD). Many factors have role in metabolic bone disea...