Large-scale competitive P2P systems are threatened by the noncooperation problem, where peers do not forward queries to potential competitors. While non-cooperation is not a problem in current P2P free file-sharing systems, it is likely to be a problem in such P2P systems as pay-per-transaction file-sharing systems, P2P auctions, and P2P service discovery systems, where peers are in competition...

The purpose of this paper is to explore the political and economic implications CPEC (China Pakistan Economic Corridor) look into new opportunities for Pakistan. has provided with enhance cooperation China, Russia CAR states regarding energy, security requirements. changed its approach from pure realism neo-liberalism in international policies. This providing foreign policy options it tilting t...

The field of humanoids robotics is widely recognized as the current challenge for robotics research. Developing humanoids poses fascinating problems in the realization of manipulation capability, which is still one of most complex problem in robotics. The paper, starting from an overview of current activities in the development of humanoid robots, with special focus on manipulation, presents th...

literary fiction can be criticized and analyzed through different approaches and literary schools. meanwhile, the most attention has been devoted to realism, as the most important and permanent intellectual concern of many writers. iranian modern literary fiction has shown its affection to realism from the beginning, and most of iranian writers have tried to illustrate the social-political situ...

The article focuses on the process of changing stylistic trends in Lesya Ukrainka’s prose. purpose was to trace regular changes style, subject matter, form and content prose highlight main transition from realism modernism. internal modifications genre, which indicate certain writer’s technique, her worldview, have been studied. A departure instructions Olena Pchilka, who still remained positio...