Tasks that demand externalized attention reliably suppress default network activity while activating the dorsal attention network. These networks have an intrinsic competitive relationship; activation of one suppresses activity of the other. Consequently, many assume that default network activity is suppressed during goal-directed cognition. We challenge this assumption in an fMRI study of plan...

rapid urban growth is resulting into increase in travel demand and private vehicle ownership in urban areas. in the present scenario the existing infrastructure has failed to match the demand that leads to traffic congestion, vehicular pollution and accidents. with traffic congestion augmentation on the road, delay of commuters has increased and reliability of road network has decreased. four s...

introduction several methods have been developed to aid in selecting a network of biodiversity protected areas. one of these methods is artificial intelligence which includes a number of different computer algorithms that use an objective function to find the best solution. an algorithm is a mathematical process or a set of rules used for problem solving. recently, site selection algorithms hav...

this paper presents a framework for long term transmission expansion planning in competitive, electricity markets. transmission lines and phase shifters are taken into account as expansion options. maximization of the network users' benefits, with satisfying security constraints are considered as the criterion for transmission expansion planning. the elements of the objective function are the...

The subject of the paper is planning of distribution network in case of integration of distributed generation on weak medium voltage network. Because network long-term planning includes major uncertainties and integration of distributed generation has remarkable effects at these areas, final network plans may be done after the integration agreement has been concluded. In order to limit the pric...

ecological destruction in human-dominated landscapes has significant impacts on environment sustainability internationally. landscape planning can play a role in mitigating the effects of human-related activities. one element of landscape planning involves the analysis of the biological, spatial and social arrangement of areas in an urban environment and identifying characteristics that are und...