INTRODUCTION We're assisting in last years to an important change in clinical manifestations of Parkinson disease. Nowadays motor symptoms have best treatments if we compare with those existing some decades ago, which in last term, permits other manifestations being the main disabilities in an advanced Parkinson disease. Among these disabilities cognitives are the most severe due to it's preval...

This study was performed to observe the effects of Zishenpingchan granule on neurobehavioral manifestations and the activity and gene expression of striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors of rats with levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID). We established normal control group, LID model group, and TCM intervention group. Each group received treatment for 4 weeks. Artificial neural network (ANN) was a...

Individual characteristics of human nature (e.g. introversion, extroversion, mood, activity, adaptability, aggressiveness, social ability, anxiety) do not need to be primarily innate. They can be determined by the action of various influences and their interactions on functional development of the brain. There is ample epidemiological and experimental evidence that chemical and/or physical fact...

BACKGROUND In Panic Disorder (PD) both somatic and cognitive symptoms occur. Cognitive functions which may be involved with anxiety and maladaptive cognition such as e.g. attention, memory and perception might be decreased. MATERIAL AND METHODS Within the preliminary studies eleven patients diagnosed with panic disorder (DSM-IV-TR), and nine healthy controls were studied. The severity of diso...

BACKGROUND Almost all of the 820,000 people in the UK with dementia will experience Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD). However, research has traditionally focused on treating cognitive symptoms, thus neglecting core clinical symptoms that often have a more profound impact on living with dementia. Recent evidence (Kales et al, 2007; Ballard et al, 2009) indicates that the...

Contrary to the classic description of acetylcholine (ACh) as a slowly acting neuromodulator that influences arousal states, results from experiments that employed enzyme-selective microelectrodes for the real-time monitoring of ACh release in the cortex of attentional task-performing rats indicate that cholinergic signals manifesting on multiple timescales (seconds, tens of seconds, and minute...

The Defense Centers of Excellence for Psychological Health and Traumatic Brain Injury (DCoE) and the Defense and Veterans Brain Injury Center (DVBIC) hosted a consensus conference to address persistent cognitive impairments following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and the role of cognitive rehabilitation in this population. Fifty military and civilian subject matter experts developed clinic...

BACKGROUND International evidence suggests that dementia is under-diagnosed in the community and that General Practitioners (GPs) are often reluctant to engage to their fullest capability with patients who exhibit cognitive symptoms. This is potentially reflected by a lack of GP knowledge about the syndrome. However, it is also recognised that attitudes and confidence are important in relation ...

All current drugs approved to treat schizophrenia appear to exert their antipsychotic effects through blocking the dopamine D2 receptor. Recent meta-analyses and comparative efficacy studies indicate marginal differences in efficacy of newer atypical antipsychotics and the older drugs, and little effects on negative and cognitive symptoms. This review integrates findings from postmortem, imagin...

Our goals in the present study were to test an adaptation of a Cognitive Bias Modification program to reduce anxiety sensitivity, and to evaluate the causal relationships between interpretation bias of physiological cues, anxiety sensitivity, and anxiety and avoidance associated with interoceptive exposures. Participants with elevated anxiety sensitivity who endorsed having a panic attack or li...