Neurodegenerative diseases are the hereditary and sporadic diseases which are characterized by progressive neuronal loss of the nervous system and are emerging as the leading cause of death, disabilities, and a socioeconomic burden due to an increase in life expectancy. There are many neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s, disease, amyotrophic lateral...

many studies indicate that oxidative stress is involved in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. oxidative stress can induce neuronal damages, modulate intracellular signaling and ultimately leads to neuronal death by apoptosis or necrosis. to review antioxidants preventive effects on oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases we accumulated data from international medical jou...

For decades, abnormalities in ceruloplasmin (Cp) synthesis have been associated with neurodegenerative disease. From the early observation that low circulating serum ceruloplasmin levels served as a marker for Wilson's disease to the recent characterization of a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a complete lack of serum ceruloplasmin, the link between Cp and neuropathology has strength...

As the average life expectancy has been extended by the current state-of-art medical technologies, the elderly population is increasing rapidly. The world is now facing the ‘ageing era’, which comes with social issues like neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases are progressive neurological disorders highly linked to brain injuries from which there is no recovery. Selective neuro...

Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of widely distributed membrane-inserted water channel proteins providing a pathway for osmotically-driven water, glycerol, urea or ions transport through cell membranes and mechanisms to control particular aspects of homeostasis. Beside their physiological expression patterns in Central Nervous System (CNS), it is conceivable that AQPs are also abnormally expresse...

Protein glycosylation regulates protein function and cellular distribution. Additionally, aberrant protein glycosylations have been recognized to play major roles in human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. Glycoproteomics, a branch of proteomics that catalogs and quantifies glycoproteins, provides a powerful means to systematically profile the glycopeptides or glycoproteins of a ...

The decline in mental fitness associated with Alzheimer disease is accompanied by physical changes in the brain, including the development of characteristic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, but the pathogenesis of those changes is not clear. Recent work suggests that the activation of microglia in response to injury, illness, aging, or other causes begins a cascade of events that can best b...

Synapse is the basic structural and functional component for neural communication in the brain. The presynaptic terminal is the structural and functionally essential area that initiates communication and maintains the continuous functional neural information flow. It contains synaptic vesicles (SV) filled with neurotransmitters, an active zone for release, and numerous proteins for SV fusion an...

Neurodegenerative diseases are devastating conditions that lead to progressive degeneration of neurons. Neurodegeneration may result in ataxia, dementia, and muscle atrophies, etc. Despite enormous research efforts that have been made, there is lack of effective therapeutic interventions for most of these diseases. Optogenetics is a recently developed novel technique that combines optics and ge...

jections) or as an opportunity—a delay in the onset of these conditions by, say, 5-10 years would dramatically reduce their incidence and therefore costs. Individuals have realised that if they are lucky enough to side step or survive cancer and vascular disease the next threat is neurodegeneration in its various guises. But have governments realised this? Secondary postponement of disability i...