Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with higher mortality and morbidity than any other form of stroke. However, there currently are no treatments proven to improve outcomes after ICH, and therefore, new effective therapies are urgently needed. Growing insight into ICH pathophysiology has led to the development of neuroprotective strategies that aim to improve the outcome through reduct...

All prior drug development programs of neuroprotective agents were unsuccessful for a variety of reasons related to both preclinical assessment and the design/implementation of clinical trials. The neuroprotection hypothesis of improving functional outcome related to salvaging ischemic brain tissue is strongly supported by robust preclinical data for many agents. In the future, monotherapy neur...

Tissue plasminogen activator is the only US FDA-approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke treatment. There is a need for other therapies such as neuroprotective agents that can be used in acute ischemic stroke patients. Many neuroprotective agents have been shown to be promising after testing in animal models of acute stroke, but when tested in patients, efficacy signals are not consistent or ...

Anuradha Patel1* and Sergey V Pisklakov2* 1Associate Professor, Section Chief, Pediatric Anesthesia, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care New Jersey School of Medicine, Newark, New Jersey, USA 2Assistant Professor, Director of Neuroanesthesia Service, Chairman of Clinical Competence Committee, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, New Jersey School of Medicine, New...

Efficacious treatment of acute stroke is a major challenge in modern medicine. Therapeutic neuroprotection acting towards minimization of ischemic neuronal injury in penumbral tissue in the regions of reduced cerebral blood flow seems to be an appealing concept in the treatment of acute stroke and brain trauma. The ‘ischemic cascade’, a complex mechanism of metabolic events initiated by brain i...

In the past decade there has been a resurgence of interest in the clinical use of inert gases. In the present paper we review the use of inert gases as anesthetics and neuroprotectants, with particular attention to the clinical use of xenon. We discuss recent advances in understanding the molecular pharmacology of xenon and we highlight specific pharmacological targets that may mediate its acti...

Objective: Several phytochemical agents have been known to exhibit a neuroprotective effect. Among them, curcumin, linalool, rutin, safranal, and thymoquinonewere widely investigated and neuroprotective activity of each of them was shown by several studies. This work was planned to investigate whether different combinations of them could induce better neuroprotective effect against glucose/seru...

Based on the review of the literature, perinatal inflammation often induced by infection is the only consistent independent risk factor of neonatal arterial ischemic stroke (NAIS). Preclinical studies show that acute inflammatory processes take place in placenta, cerebral arterial wall of NAIS-susceptible arteries and neonatal brain. A top research priority in NAIS is to further characterize th...

Experimental treatment strategies and neuroprotective drugs that showed therapeutic promise in animal models of stroke have failed to produce beneficial effects in human stroke patients. The difficulty in translating preclinical findings to humans represents a major challenge in cerebrovascular research. The reasons behind this translational road block might be explained by a number of factors,...