Background and Aims: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) remains a potentially serious health problem world wide. All infected people, including asymptomatic ones, are potential sources for virus transmission. Virus envelope contains at least 13 glycoproteins, which glycoprotein D is the major target of immune responses. The aim of this study was development of a specific method that is a more...

In this work an easy, reproducible and inexpensive technique for the production of solid state nanopores and micropores using silicon wafer substrate is proposed. The technique is based on control of pore formation, by neutralization etchant (KOH) with a strong acid (HCl). Thus, a local neutralization is produced around the nanopore, which stops the silicon etching. The etching process was perf...

The so-called overapplication of Coda Neutralization in Korean, the occurrence of a neutralized consonant in a non-neutralizing environment, is often considered as evidence for serial derivation. In this paper I propose that the neutralization effect at surface is not a result of a phonological process at an intermediate level in serial derivation, but due to a constraint requiring the integrit...

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAp) have excellent properties, such as biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, which are critical for bone reconstruction. However, they remain inactive against pathogenic bacteria that can grow in defected tissue, their use some patients may result undesirable inflammatory reactions. Gallic acid (GA) is known its specific anti-inflammatory antibacterial properti...

During purification of monoclonal antibodies, viral inactivation/removal step is a mandatory to comply with the regulatory guidelines which commonly performs at low pH about 3.5 and further neutralizes it 7.0. Neutralization antibodies results formation high turbidity troublesome for processing such as filtration other chromatography processes eventually leads filter clogging increases column b...

West Nile virions incorporate 180 envelope (E) proteins that orchestrate the process of virus entry and are the primary target of neutralizing antibodies. The E proteins of newly synthesized West Nile virus (WNV) are organized into trimeric spikes composed of pre-membrane (prM) and E protein heterodimers. During egress, immature virions undergo a protease-mediated cleavage of prM that results i...

In-medium production of leading hadrons in hard reactions, carrying the main fraction of the jet momentum, involves two stages: (i) the parton originated from the hard process propagates through the medium radiating gluons due to the initial hard collision, as well as to multiple interactions in the medium; (ii) perturbative color neutralization, e.g. picking up an anti-colored parton produced ...

This paper presents a production study of incomplete neutralization in American English flapping. In flapping, /d/ and /t/ both become a voiced flap in certain prosodic contexts (see, e.g., Kahn 1980). A number of studies show that this neutralization is incomplete: /d/-flaps can be distinguished from /t/-flaps on the surface (Fox and Terbeek 1977). Other studies, however, have found conflictin...

Herpes simplex viruses display hundreds of gD glycoproteins, and yet their neutralization requires tens of thousands of antibodies per virion, leading us to ask whether a wild-type virion with just a single free gD is still infective. By quantitative analysis of fluorescently labeled virus particles and virus neutralization assays, we show that entry of a wild-type HSV virion to a cell does ind...

Herpesviral entry is a highly elaborated process requiring many proteins to act in precise conjunction. Neutralizing antibodies interfere with this process to abrogate viral infection. Based on promoter transactivation of a reporter gene we established a novel method to quantify herpesvirus entry and neutralization by antibodies. Following infection with mouse and human cytomegalovirus and Herp...