The aim of this study is to investigate which pronunciations of English are difficult or different from one’s first language, as well as to explore which factors are crucial for communication with people from other cultures when English is used as one of the World Englishes. Ninety-one undergraduate students (85 females and 6 males) from two different Korean universities participated in this st...

Abstract In the 17 th century, English region of East Anglia contained many major population centres British Isles, not least Norwich, England’s second city at that time. One might therefore predict Anglian dialects would have played a role in determining nature new colonial Englishes which were first beginning to emerge during this period. This paper considers some phonological and grammatical...

This paper presents the first large-scale multivariate analysis of future-time reference (FTR) variation in world Englishes. On basis 7,922 hand-coded tokens from eight corpora International Corpus English suite, study probes effect predictor variables on choice between will and BE going to (BGT) as FTR markers. Statistically significant effects for all conditioning except polarity are found, w...

Let us turn to the latter, more far-reaching issue first, namely to the notions of complexity/ complexification vs. simplicity/simplification. These are currently widely debated notions in the study of language typology and language variation, as can be seen from recent book publications such as Kusters (2003), Dahl (2004), Miestamo/Sinnemäki/Karlsson (to appear 2008) or Gil/Trudgill/ Sampson (...

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The present study is an attempt to provide a current synopsis of World Englishes within globalized communities, as well as theoretical and applied feasibility of global linguistic features of English as an International Language (EIL). To do so, first, three main reactions against the spread of English by scholars around the world are discussed. Then, the possibility of describing and teaching ...