We show the presence of the Goos-Hänchen effect when a monochromatic beam illuminates a photonic crystal inside a photonic bandgap.

We investigate experimentally the dependence of the Goos-Hänchen shift on the surface properties of an air-metal interface. The shift depends on the microscopic roughness of the metal surface but it is insensitive to the large-scale variations associated with surface non-flatness. Both an effective medium model of roughness and the Rayleigh-Rice theory of scattering are used to interpret the ob...

Ant and homopteran mutualisms are complex because they depend on the behavior, abundance, and predation levels of both insect species. Because homopteran populations are critically impacted by these seasonally varying factors, it is important to measure the population dynamics of ant-tended homopterans outside of the laboratory. In this study, we develop a new method for documenting the populat...

Anampses viridis Valenciennes 1840 is known from only three specimens collected from Mauritius, and despite intensive sampling, the species has not been seen or reported since it was originally described. This apparent failure to 'rediscover' A. viridis at Mauritius has led to speculation that it is extinct, and the species has been widely cited as an example of a marine fish extinction. Far fr...

One hundred prairie rattlesnakes, Crotalus viridis viridis, from western South Dakota were examined for evidence of helminth parasites. Twenty-one percent were infected with 1 of 6 parasite species. The following species were recovered: Manodistomwn sp., Mesocestoides sp., Physaloptera sp., 2 different species of oligacanthorhynchid acanthocephala, and an unidentified species of acanthocephalan...

A total of 32 Banisteriopsis caapi samples and 36 samples of Psychotria viridis were carefully collected from different plants on the same day from 22 sites throughout Brazil for phytochemical analyses. A broad range in alkaloid distribution was observed in both sample sets. All B. caapi samples had detectable amounts of harmine, harmaline and tetrahydroharmine (THH), while some samples of P. v...

No-effect concentration as well as safe concentration of mercury was evaluated by exposing Perna viridis and Mugil cephalus to 24-hour static renewal bioassay for 96-hours. The 96-hour LC50 value was 75 and 129 μg/l Hg for Mugil cephalus and Perna viridis. Juvenile mullets were more sensitive than green mussel. The safe concentration calculated were 0.75 and 1.29 μg/l Hg. The no-effect concentr...

An extensive survey of the standing genetic variation in natural populations is among the priority steps in developing a species into a model system. In recent years, green foxtail (Setaria viridis), along with its domesticated form foxtail millet (S. italica), has rapidly become a promising new model system for C4 grasses and bioenergy crops, due to its rapid life cycle, large amount of seed p...

A hypothetical molecular model of part of the D 1 protein of photosystem II, based on the analogous portion of the L subunit of the Rhodopseudomonas viridis reaction centre, has been used to study the binding of an extended hydrophobic phenylurea inhibitor (N,N-dimethyl-carbamoyl)4-amino-4'-chloro-trans-stilbene) (I) to the QB site. The inhibitor was fitted by eye into a cleft in the site, and ...

Studies of herbivorous insects have played a major role in understanding how ecological divergence can facilitate genetic differentiation. In contrast to the majority of herbivorous insects, grasshoppers as a group are largely polyphagous. Due to this relative lack of intimate grasshopper-plant associations, grasshopper-plant systems have not played a large part in the study of host-associated ...