We propose integrable discretizations of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger (DNLS) equations such as the Kaup–Newell equation, the Chen–Lee–Liu equation and the Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation by constructing Lax pairs. The discrete DNLS systems admit the reduction of complex conjugation between two dependent variables and possess bi-Hamiltonian structure. Through transformations of variables and reduc...

Assessment of the invasion depth early gastric cancer (EGC) is important in deciding between endoscopic and surgical resection treatment methods. The non-lfiting sign (NLS) widely used for evaluating EGC, it commonly accepted that EMR/ESD contraindicated EGC with a NLS because probability massive submucosal invasion. This study was to investigate as tool determining EGC. Eleven patients who had...

Flavonoids, the major polyphenol components in Cotinus coggygria (CC), have been found to show an anticancer effect in our previous study; however, the exact mechanisms of inducing human glioblastoma (GBM) cell death remain to be resolved. In this study, a novel polyvinylpyrrolidone K-30/sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyethyleneglycol-coated liposome loaded with CC flavonoids (CCFs) was developed...

BACKGROUND The constitutively activated BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is localized exclusively to the cytoplasm despite the three nuclear localization signals (NLS) in the ABL portion of this fusion protein. The NLS function of BCR-ABL is re-activated by a kinase inhibitor, imatinib, and in a kinase-defective BCR-ABL mutant. The mechanism of this kinase-dependent inh...

The RNA genome of influenza A virus, which forms viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs) with viral polymerase subunit proteins (PA, PB1, and PB2) and nucleoprotein (NP), is transcribed and replicated in the nucleus. NP, the major component of vRNPs, has at least two amino acid sequences that serve as nuclear localization signals (NLSs): an unconventional NLS (residues 3 to 13; NLS1) and a bi...

The entry of the viral genomic DNA of cauliflower mosaic virus into the nucleus is a critical step of viral infection. We have shown by transient expression in plant protoplasts that the viral coat protein (CP), which is processed from the product of open reading frame IV, contains an N-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS). The NLS is exposed on the surface of the virion and is thus avail...

This paper introduces a new algorithm for calculating semantic similarity within and between texts. We refer to this algorithm as NLS, for Non-Latent Similarity. This algorithm makes use of a second-order similarity matrix (SOM) based on the cosine of the vectors from a first-order (non-latent) matrix. This first-order matrix (FOM) could be generated in any number of ways; here we used a method...

We consider non-vanishing boundary conditions (NVBC) for the NLS model [1, 2, 3] in the context of the hybrid dressing transformation and τ -function approach. In order to write the NLS model in a suitable form to deal with non-vanishing boundary conditions it is introduced a new spectral parameter in such a way that the usual NLS parameter will depend on the affine parameter through the so-cal...

Previous genetic and structural evidence indicates that the maize R gene encodes a nuclear transcriptional activating factor. In-frame carboxyl- and amino-terminal fusions of the R gene to the reporter gene encoding beta-glucuronidase (GUS) were sufficient to direct GUS to the nucleus of the transiently transformed onion (Allium cepa) epidermal cells. Further analysis of chimeric constructs con...

Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Department of Theoretical Physics, Theoretical and Computational Physics Lab., Pattimura University, Ambon, Indonesia ABSTRACT Two types of integrable coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equations are derived by using Zakharov-Shabat (ZS) dressing method.The Lax pairs for the coupled NLS equations are also investigated using the ZS dressing method. T...