The characterization of functional network structures among multiple neurons is essential to understanding neural information processing. Information geometry (IG), a theory developed for investigating a space of probability distributions has recently been applied to spike-train analysis and has provided robust estimations of neural interactions. Although neural firing in the equilibrium state ...

It is becoming increasingly apparent that brain oscillations in various frequency bands play important roles in perceptual and attentional processes. Understandably, most of the associated experimental evidence comes from human or animal electrophysiological studies, allowing direct access to the oscillatory activities. However, such periodicities in perception and attention should, in theory, ...

For a long time alpha oscillations have been functionally linked to the processing of visual information. Here we propose an new theory about the functional meaning of alpha. The central idea is that synchronized alpha reflects a basic processing mode that controls access to information stored in a complex long-term memory system, which we term knowledge system in order to emphasize that it com...

A common finding across many reaction time tasks is that people slow down on trials following errors, a phenomenon known as post-error slowing. In the present study, we tested a novel hypothesis about the neural mechanism underlying post-error slowing. Recent research has shown that when task-relevant stimuli occur in a rhythmic stream, neuronal oscillations entrain to the task structure, there...

Gamma frequency oscillations occur in hippocampus in vitro after brief tetani delivered to afferent pathways. Previous reports have characterized these oscillations as either (1) trains of GABA(A) inhibitory synaptic events mediated by depolarization of both pyramidal cells and interneurons at least in part mediated by metabotropic glutamate and acetylcholine receptors, or (2) field potential o...

Oscillations are an integral part of insulin secretion and are ultimately due to oscillations in the electrical activity of pancreatic beta-cells, called bursting. In this chapter we discuss islet bursting oscillations and a unified biophysical model for this multi-scale behavior. We describe how electrical bursting is related to oscillations in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration within bet...

“Oscillations” occur in quite different kinds of many-particle-systems when two groups of particles with different directions of motion meet or intersect at a certain spot. In this work a model of pedestrian motion is presented that is able to reproduce oscillations with different characteristics. The Wald-Wolfowitz test and Gillis’ correlated random walk are shown to include observables that c...

Neutrino oscillations is a phenomenon which is characterized by a finite oscillation time (length). For such phenomena time-energy uncertainty relation is valid. This means that energy uncertainty is needed for oscillations to occur. We consider neutrino oscillations from this point of view. We demonstrate that for mixed neutrino states, which describe flavor neutrinos ν e , ν µ and ν τ , trans...

Discrete high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) in the range of 100-500 Hz have previously been recorded in human epileptic brains using depth microelectrodes. We describe for the first time similar oscillations in a cohort of unselected focal epileptic patients implanted with EEG macroelectrodes. Spectral analysis and visual inspection techniques were used to study seizures from 10 consecutive pat...

High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are an important part of brain activity in health and disease. However, their origins remain obscure and controversial. One possible mechanism depends on the presence of sparsely distributed gap junctions that electrically couple the axons of principal cells. A plexus of electrically coupled axons is modeled as a random network with bi-directional connections ...