The aim was to identify relationships between combustion conditions, particle characteristics, and optical properties of fresh and photochemically processed emissions from biomass combustion. The combustion conditions included nominal and high burn rate operation and individual combustion phases from a conventional wood stove. Low temperature pyrolysis upon fuel addition resulted in "tar-ball" ...

Plotkin’s style of Structural Operational Semantics (SOS) has become a de facto standard in giving operational semantics to formalisms and process calculi. In many such formalisms and calculi, the concepts of names, variables and binders are essential ingredients. In this paper, we propose a formal framework for dealing with names in SOS. The framework is based on the Nominal Logic of Gabbay an...

Recursive relational specifications are commonly used to describe the computational structure of formal systems. Recent research in proof theory has identified two features that facilitate direct, logic-based reasoning about such descriptions: the interpretation of atomic judgments through recursive definitions and an encoding of binding constructs via generic judgments. However, logics encompa...

Nominal rewriting is based on the observation that if we add support for alphaequivalence to first-order syntax using the nominal-set approach, then systems with binding, including higher-order features such as lambda-calculus beta-reduction, can be smoothly represented. Nominal rewriting maintains a strict distinction between variables of the objectlanguage (atoms) and of the meta-language (va...

The Web Ontology Language (OWL 2) [19] is based on the very expressive Description Logic (DL) SROIQ [3] for which sophisticated algorithms are required to handle (standard) reasoning tasks. In practice, variants of tableau algorithms are often used since they are easily extensible and adaptable. Since such algorithms have a very high worst-case complexity, developing optimisations to neverthele...

The design and operation of a simple, optically-accessible modular reactor for probing thermal thin film deposition processes, such as atomic layer deposition processes (ALD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD), is described. This reactor has a nominal footprint of 225 cm(2) and a mass of approximately 6.6 kg, making it small enough to conveniently function as a modular component of an optical ...

Strain-induced quenching of optical transitions has been found in capped self-assembled quantum dot structures. Light absorption at the E1 and E1 1 D1 critical points of InSb islands buried in InP disappears for nominal InSb thicknesses lower than 10 monolayers as a consequence of the strain produced inside the islands by the cap layer. Certainly, this strain increases as the InSb deposition di...

Laboratory absorption spectra of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN, CH3C(O)OONO2) vapour have been measured in the mid-infrared range 550 cm−1 to 1400 cm−1 (18.2 to 7.14μm) at both 250 K and 273 K, using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer at a nominal spectral resolution of 0.25 cm−1 (unapodised). In addition, the 1600 cm−1 to 2200 cm−1 (6.25 to 4.54μm) spectral region has been measured at 250 K...