This paper presents a simple model for polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels. At first, the model is desired for line-of-sight (LOS) scenario, and then generalized for non-LOS (NLOS) case. The analysis of the crosspolarization discrimination (XPD) for a 2×2 MIMO systems shows that the XPD depends on both the antenna patterns and the polarization mismatch between the transmit ...

The paper investigates the problem of mobile tracking in mixed line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions. The motion of mobile station is modeled by a dynamic white noise acceleration model, while the measurements are Time of Arrival (TOA). A first-order Markov model is employed to describe the dynamic transition of LOS/NLOS conditions. An improved Rao-Blackwellized particle filte...

In a wireless communication system, wireless location is the technique used to estimate the location of a mobile station (MS). To enhance the accuracy of MS location prediction, we propose a novel algorithm that utilizes time of arrival (TOA) measurements and the angle of arrival (AOA) information to locate MS when three base stations (BSs) are available. Artificial neural networks (ANN) are wi...

Abstract To achieve more accurate measurements of the MS location, it is possible to integrate many kinds of schemes. In this paper we combine time difference of arrival (TDOA) from three base stations (BSs) and angle of arrival (AOA) information at the serving BS to give location estimation of the MS. Based on the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments and the knowledge of NLOS error statistics...

A localization system is one of the basic requirements for coal mines. Ultra-wideband (UWB), as a technology with broad application prospects, considered to have great potential in absence satellite signals, especially underground mine environment, it can provide rescue assistance. However, state-of-the-art UWB position systems mines cannot efficiently differ line-of-sight from all communicatio...

The presence of (Non line of Sight) NLOS propagation paths has been considered the main drawback for localization schemes to estimate the position of a (Mobile User) MU in an indoor environment. This paper presents a comprehensive wireless localization system based on (Round-Trip Time) RTT measurements in an unmodified IEEE 802.11 wireless network. It overcomes the NLOS impairment by implementi...

As the demand for indoor localization is increasing to support our daily life in large and complex indoor environments, sound-based localization technologies have attracted researchers' attention because they have the advantages of being fully compatible with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) smartphones, they have high positioning accuracy and low-cost infrastructure. However, the non-line-of-si...

One of the main challenges in indoor time-of-arrival (TOA)-based wireless localization systems is to mitigate non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation conditions, which degrade the overall positioning performance. The positive skewed non-Gaussian nature of TOA observations under LOS/NLOS conditions can be modeled as a heavy-tailed skew t-distributed measurement noise. The main goal of this article ...

We propose a line-of-sight (LOS)/non-line-of-sight (NLOS) mixture source localization algorithms that utilize the weighted block Newton (WBN) and variable step size WBN (VSSWBN) method, in which the weighting matrix is determined in the form of the inverse of the squared error or as an exponential function with a negative exponent. The proposed WBN and VSSWBN algorithms converge in two iteratio...

Artificial neural network (ANN) is a humanly constructed network which is based on the human brain neural network. BP neutral network (BPNN), as a typical forward ANN, can approximate any nonlinear continuous rational function. In this paper we use the BPNN to modify the Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) measurement value to make it closer to the Line-of-Sight (LOS) mea...