The large class of layered ceramics encompasses both van der Waals (vdW) and non-vdW solids. While intercalation of noble metals in vdW solids is known, formation of compounds by incorporation of noble-metal layers in non-vdW layered solids is largely unexplored. Here, we show formation of Ti3AuC2 and Ti3Au2C2 phases with up to 31% lattice swelling by a substitutional solid-state reaction of Au...

Consider the random sequential packing model with infinite input and in any dimension. When the input consists of non-zero volume convex solids we show that the total number of solids accepted over cubes of volume λ is asymptotically normal as λ → ∞. We provide a rate of approximation to the normal and show that the finite dimensional distributions of the packing measures converge to those of a...

A mathematical model for free-form solid modelling was presented in previous published works. The key aspects of this model are the decomposition of the volume occupied by the solid into non-disjoint cells, and the representation of the solid as an algebraic sum of these cells. Here we apply this scheme to represent CSG solids built by combining free-form solids in boolean operations. As a proo...

In natural ionic solids, cationic and anionic species are alternately arranged to minimize electrostatic energy. Aggregation of identical ionic species is commonly prohibited due to the repulsive, long-range nature of Coulombic interactions. Recently, we synthesized unique ionic solids, [AuI4CoIII2(dppe)2(D-pen)4]X2·nH2O (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, D-pen = D-penicillaminate), in w...

conventional processes of food dewatering, such as thermal, have undesirable and destruction effects on vitamins, aromatic compounds and pigments. in addition, they are accompanied with some technological complications and energy consumption. thus, food concentration processes are directed to non-thermal techniques or methods with reduced heat effects. superabsorbents are highly hydrophilic pol...

This study described the results of environmental enterovirus surveillance conducted in Shandong Province of China in 2013. Altogether 39 sewage samples were collected and 873 enterovirus isolates (including 334 polioviruses) belonging to 22 serotypes were obtained. Echovirus (E) -7, coxsackievirus (CV) -B5, E-11, E-6, and E-3 were the most commonly detected non-polio enterovirus serotypes, and...

To increase conversion and product concentration, mixed-acid fermentation can use a countercurrent strategy where solids and liquids pass in opposite directions through a series of fermentors. To limit the requirement for moving solids, this study employed a propagated fixed-bed fermentation, where solids were stationary and only liquid was transferred. To evaluate the role of agitation, contin...

In this work, a four-dimensional lattice spring model is developed for studying the mechanical responses of solids. Our results indicate that the Poisson's ratio limitation of the classical lattice spring model defined in three-dimensional space can be released by introducing an extra fourth-dimensional interaction. The fourth-dimensional lattice spring model adopts central interactions only, a...

Amorphous non-crystalline solid: a solid in which. Is there any method in which to distinguish between crystal. Distinction between crystalline and amorphous solids. The essential differences are displayed in Figure 2. The salient.You may also download a PDF copy of this book 147 MB or just this chapter 9 MB. To know the characteristic properties of crystalline and amorphous solids. Or metallic...