Gene annotation databases (compendiums maintained by the scientific community that describe the biological functions performed by individual genes) are commonly used to evaluate the functional properties of experimentally derived gene sets. Overlap statistics, such as Fishers Exact test (FET), are often employed to assess these associations, but don't account for non-uniformity in the number of...

PURPOSE Image non-uniformity may cause substantial problems in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging especially when a 3-T scanner is used. We evaluated the effect of image non-uniformity correction in gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced MR imaging using a 3-T scanner. METHODS Two commercially available methods for image non-uniformity correction, surf...

In his celebrated proof of Szemerédi’s theorem that a set of integers of positive density contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions, W. T. Gowers introduced a certain sequence of norms ‖ · ‖U 2[N ] ≤ ‖ · ‖U 3[N ] ≤ . . . on the space of complex-valued functions on the set [N ]. An important question regarding these norms concerns for which functions they are ‘large’ in a certain sense. ...

There have been extensive studies on non-uniform Gabor bases and frames in recent years. But interestingly there have not been a single example of a compactly supported orthonormal Gabor basis in which either the frequency set or the translation set is non-uniform. Nor has there been an example in which the modulus of the generating function is not a characteristic function of a set. In this pa...

This paper describes the status and progress of the INCITS W1.1 Macro Uniformity ad hoc team. The team has defined the Macro Uniformity attribute, has developed several test patterns to be used for subjective and objective evaluations and has defined test patterns and methods to address color conversions of digitizing devices. These activities are reviewed in this paper.

The sarcomere length non-uniformity theory (SLNT) is a widely accepted explanation for residual force enhancement (RFE). RFE is the increase in steady-state isometric force following active muscle stretching. The SLNT predicts that active stretching of a muscle causes sarcomere lengths (SL) to become non-uniform, with some sarcomeres stretched beyond actin-myosin filament overlap (popping), cau...

The texture analysis of cancer cells leads to a procedure distinguish spatial differences within an image and extract essential information. This study used two test tumours images determine type, location, geometric characteristics (area, size, dimensions, radius, etc.). suggested algorithm was designed detect breast using the segmentation-based threshold technique. method Grey Level Size Zone...

A detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigation into characterizing the fluid flow and thermal profiles in a wind tunnel was carried out, highlighting the effect of progressive heating on the non-uniformity flow profile of air. Using controllable electrical heating elements, the operating temperatures in the test-section were gradually increased in order to determin...

Infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA) imaging systems are strongly affected by the spatial non-uniformity of the IRFPA response. The non-uniformity is due to the pixel-to-pixel responsivity (gain) and dark current (offset) variations of the IRFPA. The non-uniformity results in a fixed spatial noise superimposed on the infrared image, which can completely mask the useful thermal signatures in an i...