We analyze wealth condensation for a wide class of stochastic economy models on the basis of the economic analog of thermodynamic potentials, termed transfer potentials. The economy model is based on three common transfers modes of wealth: random transfer, profit proportional to wealth and motivation of poor agents to work harder. The economies never reach steady state. Wealth condensation is t...

XUANHE ZHAO∗,†, SOO JIN ADRIAN KOH∗,‡ and ZHIGANG SUO∗,§ ∗School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Kavli Institute for Nanobio Science and Technology Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 †Soft Active Materials Laboratory Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 ‡Institute of High Performance Computing 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis S...

Mechanically driven glassy systems and complex fluids exhibit a wealth of rheological behaviors that call for theoretical understanding and predictive modeling. A distinct feature of these nonequilibrium systems is their dynamically evolving state of structural disorder, which determines their rheological responses. Here we highlight a recently developed nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework i...

The time evolution of macroscopic systems can be experimentally observed and mathematically described on many different levels of description. It has been conjectured that the governing equations on all levels are particular realizations of a single abstract equation. We support this conjecture by interpreting the abstract equation as a geometrical formulation of general nonequilibrium thermody...

A general geometrical framework of nonequilibrium thermodynamics is developed. The notion of macroscopically definable ensembles is developed. The thesis about macroscopically definable ensembles is suggested. This thesis should play the same role in the nonequilibrium thermodynamics, as the Church-Turing thesis in the theory of computability. The primitive macroscopically definable ensembles a...

When a black hole evaporates, there arises a net energy flow from the black hole into its outside environment due to the Hawking radiation and the energy accretion onto black hole. Exactly speaking, any thermal equilibrium state has no energy flow, and therefore the black hole evaporation is a nonequilibrium process. To study details of evaporation process, nonequilibrium effects of the net ene...