Operationalizing mediated presence: Initial steps toward a measure of the construct This paper reports on an exploratory project to investigate mediated presence, a construct defined as the extent to which participants in a virtual environment perceive other participants in that environment as real, immediate or salient. Development and initial testing of a prompt designed to consistently diffe...

Immediacy was examined in a 17-session case of brief therapy with a bright, articulate, inner-city, African American female client seeing an interpersonally oriented, White, male therapist. The main types of therapist immediacy were reinforcing the client for in-session behavior, inviting the client to collaborate, inquiring about client reactions to therapy, and reminding the client that it wa...

This paper models transaction costs as the rents that a monopolistic market maker extracts from impatient investors who trade via limit orders. We show that limit orders are American options. The limit prices inducing immediate execution of the order are functionally equivalent to bid and ask prices and can be solved for various transaction sizes to characterize the market maker’s entire supply...

A foreign language teacher’s self-presentation is an important tool for his or her professional development and formation of his/her positive image. The purpose this study to consider the problem a teacher in context remote education. An attempt being made explore channels, basic methods principles self-presentation. urgent transition educational process higher education institutions form has c...

(A case study discussion on the role of localized nature of a mobile gaming and new haptic vocabularies).

Eight pigeons responded in a three-component concurrent-chains procedure, with either independent or dependent initial links. Relative probability and immediacy of reinforcement in the terminal links were both varied, and outcomes on individual trials (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) were either signaled or unsignaled. Terminal-link fixed-time schedules were varied across components within c...

intercultural communication takes place when individuals influenced by different cultural communities negotiate shared meanings in interaction. as every country has its own cultural value system; consequently, nonverbal communication is different from country to country. therefore, having knowledge about the similarities and differences of nonverbal communication in different cultures increases...