a 29-year-old housewife presented with abdominal pain and abnormal results on liver function tests (table 1). the patient was from a rural area (garmsar, iran) and there was no family history of a similar disease. her family owned various animals most notably jackals, dogs, and cats. the animals were not receiving regular veterinary check-ups, preventive care, or even vaccinations.

Background: Tincture of opium (TOP) is currently used for maintenance therapy in treatment of opioids addiction. It contains ethanol. The present study was conducted to assess the increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in its users; a process which may interfere with breath-alcohol test performed by law enforcement or traffic police. Methods: A total of 143 individuals were selected rand...

the goals of post-transplant management are to manage and treat postoperative complications, and develop a balanced long-term immunotherapy regimen that minimizes infection and side effects but controls rejection. while modern immunosuppressant regimes have reduced rates of graft loss due to rejection, they impart major risks for infection, growth failure, metabolic complications, and malignanc...