Automatically extracting keyphrases from documents is a task with many applications in information retrieval and natural language processing. Document retrieval can be biased towards documents containing relevant keyphrases; documents can be classified or categorized based on their keyphrases; automatic text summarization may extract sentences with high keyphrase scores. This paper describes a ...

pain is a phenomenon experienced more or less by all people during their lives. since sufferers usually use language as the most important human communication tool to inform others about their pains, sentences describing pain and studying them linguistically may reveal some points. in this paper, after a short introduction to the subject and reviewing the literature, we take one of the systemat...

(1) is a noun phrase, and thus contrasts syntactically with (2), which is a clause. Yet the two seem to be synonymous. We will argue that the noun phrase is not embedded in an elliptical structure; rather, the phrase we see is all there is. And furthermore we will argue that (1) is not just pragmatically equivalent to (2); the two are in fact semantically equivalent as well. This raises the que...