[1] The global distribution of tropospheric ozone (O3) depends on the emission of precursors, chemistry, and transport. For small perturbations to emissions, the global radiative forcing resulting from changes in O3 can be expressed as a sum of forcings from emission changes in different regions. Tropospheric O3 is considered in present climate policies only through the inclusion of indirect ef...

Predicting the human-health effects of reducing atmospheric emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from power plants, motor vehicles, and other sources is complex because of nonlinearity in the relevant atmospheric processes. We estimate the health impacts of changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone concentrations that result from control of NOx emissions alone and in conjuncti...

Emissions in East Asia for 1993 by administrative units and source types are estimated to support regional emission assessments and transport modeling studies. Total emission of SOx, NOx, soil NOx, N2O, and NH3 are 24,150 kton/year, 12,610 kton/year, 1,963 kton/year, 908kton/year, and 8,263 kton/year, respectively. China’s emission contribution is the highest for every species. The area sources...

Vehicle emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), organic aerosol (OA), and black carbon (BC) were measured at the Caldecott tunnel in the San Francisco Bay Area. Measurements were made in bore 2 of the tunnel, where light-duty (LD) vehicles accounted for >99% of total traffic and heavy-duty trucks were not allowed. Prior emission studies conduct...

We use a newly developed regional chemical/transport model (WRF-Chem) to study the air pollutions in mega cities and their effect on surrounding areas. The model is based on a state of the art regional dynamical/transport model, the Weather Research Forecasting (WRF) model developed by multiple institutes (including NOAA, NCAR, etc.). The detailed description of WRF-Chem is given by Grell et al...

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum intake valve closing time of a large diesel engine having lower fuel consumption and lower NOx emission. The performance simulation has been conducted for this purpose, and a phenomenological combustion model is verified by experimental data of heat release rate and NOx emission in order to enhance the prediction quality of the performance s...

Gasand particle-phase pollutants were measured separately for (a) light-duty (LD) vehicles and (b) medium-duty (MD) and heavy-duty (HD) diesel trucks. Measurements were made during summer 2006 at the Caldecott Tunnel in the San Francisco Bay area as part of a continuing campaign to track changes in vehicle emissions over time. When normalized to fuel consumption, NOx emission factors were found...

In power plants, stacks are usually not instrumented to measure NOx emissions on a regular basis. Thus, the available emission data is always very limited, and often uncertain and imprecise. This makes the modeling for emission reduction by statistical methods extremely difficult. In this work, a novel fuzzy m.odeling methodology is developed to generate a reliable emission model with only limi...

Section S1 The section describes modifications we implemented to the CLM v4.5 model for better simulating the soil NOx emissions and also reducing the model LAI overestimation. These include addition of soil NOx emission and NH3 volatilization 10 processes, and an improved parameterization of nitrogen uptake by plants. We evaluate the CLM simulated results with satellite LAI observations and so...

Inverse modeling using satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns has been extensively used to estimate nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions in China. Recently, the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment-2 (GOME-2) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) provide independent global NO2 column measurements on a nearly daily basis at around 9:30 and 13:30 local time across the equator, respecti...