Bacterial genomes sometimes contain genes that code for homologues of global regulators, the function of which is unclear. In members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, cells express the global regulator H-NS and its paralogue StpA. In Escherichia coli, out of providing a molecular backup for H-NS, the role of StpA is poorly characterized. The enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042 carries, in add...

Influenza virus unspliced NSl mRNA, like retroviral pre-mRNAs, is efficiently exported from the nucleus and translated in the cytoplasm of infected cells. With human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the transport of viral pre-mRNAs is facilitated by the viral Rev protein. We tested the possibility that the influenza virus NSl protein, a nuclear protein that is encoded by unspliced NSl mRNA, has th...

Multi-hop wireless network is a wireless communication network without centralized control mechanism. Network nodes organize themselves automatically, and help other nodes relay data packets if they are not within the communication range. Perf. study of protocol designed for such networks has been very challenging. Hence, simulations are always utilized to obtain the desired Perf. results. OPNE...

The bluetongue virus ssRNA-binding protein, NS2, is a phosphoprotein that forms viral inclusion bodies in infected cells. Recombinant NS2 was expressed in the baculovirus expression system and purified to homogeneity from insect cells. Purified NS2 bound nucleosides. Further investigation revealed that the protein bound ATP and GTP and could hydrolyse both nucleosides to their corresponding NMP...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subverts the antiviral interferon (IFN) response, but the mechanism for this evasion was unclear. Here we show that RSV preferentially inhibits IFN-alpha/beta signaling by expression of viral NS1 and NS2. Thus, RSV infection or expression of recombinant NS1 and NS2 in epithelial host cells causes a marked decrease in Stat2 levels and the consequent downstream I...

The genome of influenza virus consists of eight segments of single-stranded RNA, each of which encodes a different polypeptide. In addition to the eight recognized gene products, the virus specifies a distinct smaller nonstructural polypeptide (NS2), which is translated from a separate species of virus-specific mRNA. The location on the virus genome of the gene encoding this polypeptide was inv...

BVDV, currently classified in the pestivirus genus of the family Flaviviridae, are small, enveloped viruses having a single-stranded positive-sense RNA genome. The BVDV genome is approximately 12.3 kb in length with a 5'-nontranslated region (NTR), a single large open reading frame (ORF), and a 3'-NTR lacking a poly(A)tail. The 5'-NTR contains an internal ribosome entry site that initiates tran...

Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a major cause of severe respiratory diseases, constitutes an important risk factor for the development of subsequent asthma. However, the mechanism underlying RSV-induced asthma is poorly understood. Viral non-structural proteins NS1 and NS2 are critically required for RSV virulence; they strongly suppress IFN-mediated innate immunity of the host cells. ...

The generalization of judicial practice is a necessary condition for its unity throughout the country, mandatory basis training future legal practitioners and improving professional skills representatives all communities related to activity, element any scientific research. Purpose: show that role in ensuring determined by balance between two undesirable extremes imposing an external pos...

This paper describes the architecture and implementation of a hybrid ns2 based network simulator. The system uses a generic xml description for the simulation jobs and uses the Java Messaging System to communicate with components like a graphical front-end or a toolkit for a visualization of the results. The hybrid simulator is an extension of standard ns2 , which supports the representation of...