Background: pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is one of the most global dangerous infectious diseases worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) agent that caused PTB transferred by air droplets from person to other. In present epidemiological study, we aimed ...

introduction: long term complications of hepatitis c virus (hcv) infection include fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma and although the disease is treatable with the newly introduced direct acting antivirals, but factors such as drug resistance, viral genotype and adverse effects can limit the effectiveness of therapy. therefore, development of effective, safe and affordable proph...

Background: Autophagy (self-feeding) assists survival of starving cells by partial self-digestion, while dormancy as cysts, spores or seeds enables long-term survival. Starving Dictyostelium amoebas construct multicellular fruiting bodies with and stalk cells, many Dictyostelia still able to encyst individually like their single-celled ancest...

Background: In the Clean Sky 2 project DIMES, cyclic loading of a section an A320 wing with pre-existing damage was carried out. Methods: We present Digital Image Correlation (DIC) prototype system to monitor crack propagation in aircraft wing. This includes mount for easy installation and adjustment confined space. ...

Background: Low frequency mutations within the filaggrin (FLG) gene are established genetic risk factors for atopic dermatitis. Studies of FLG have typically used sequencing or bespoke genotyping. Large-scale population cohorts with genome-wide imputed data offer powerful analysis opportunities, but FLG </...

BACKGROUND To support clinical development of HCV non-structural protein (NS) 3 protease inhibitors (PIs), phenotypic monitoring of patient isolates is a prerequisite for understanding the emergence of resistance. HCV isolates typically fail to replicate in cell culture, necessitating the use of alternative phenotyping methods. METHODS An NS3 protease chimeric replicon system was developed to...

Growth and body size are regulated by the CNS, integrating the genetic developmental program with assessments of an animal's current energy state and environmental conditions. CNS decisions are transmitted to all cells of the animal by insulin/insulin-like signals. The molecular biology of the CNS growth control system has remained, for the most part, elusive. Here we identify NS3, a Drosophila...

We have tested the hypothesis that the flavivirus nonstructural protein NS3 is a viral proteinase that generates the termini of several nonstructural proteins by using an efficient in vitro expression system and monospecific antisera directed against the nonstructural proteins NS2B and NS3. A series of cDNA constructs was transcribed by using T7 RNA polymerase, and the RNA was translated in ret...

Background: Several personality traits have been linked to addictive behaviours, including smoking and excessive drinking. We hypothesised that the combination of low conscientiousness, high extraversion neuroticism would be synergistically associated with smoking, drinking both behaviours combined. Methods: Respondents aged 16+ ye...

Background: There is a scarcity of research concerning what it about arts engagement that may activate causal mechanisms leading to effects on health and wellbeing: their active ingredients. Further, the limited studies do exist have tended be relevant specific contexts types art forms. The aim this study was carry out comprehensive mapping potential ingredients, con...