Abstract Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human biology that executes its functions as the amino acid selenocysteine via selenoproteins, which have important in, example, antioxidation, immunomodulation, thyroid metabolism, and fertility. Se nutritional status assessed using quantification of blood biomarkers, are influenced by several factors, including diet, age, gender, smokin...

In recent years, human health has begun to face a new type of crisis. While the greatest risks of mortality in previous centuries were attributed to acute infectious disease, chronic metabolic disease is rapidly becoming a more significant concern, particularly in developed nations. According to the World Health Organization [1] , 65% of the world’s population now live in countries where obesit...

Now more than ever, we have begun to appreciate the roles of individual physical and genetic variation in health and medicine. A great deal of research attention has recently been devoted toward personalized medicine, in which technologies like medical genetics are used to determine information such as how a patient is likely to respond to a treatment or the optimal dose of a drug. While drug t...

Nutrient needs, including those of the essential nutrient choline, are a population wide distribution. Adequate Intake (AI) recommendations for dietary choline (put forth by the National Academies of Medicine to aid individuals and groups in dietary assessment and planning) are grouped to account for the recognized unique needs associated with age, biological sex, and reproductive status (i.e.,...

CVD is a common killer in both the Western world and the developing world. It is a multifactorial disease that is influenced by many environmental and genetic factors. Although public health advice to date has been principally in the form of prescribed population-based recommendations, this approach has been surprisingly unsuccessful in reducing CVD risk. This outcome may be explained, in part,...