Uncertainty concerning the measurement error properties of self-reported diet has important implications for the reliability of nutritional epidemiology reports. Biomarkers based on the urinary recovery of expended nutrients can provide an objective measure of short-term nutrient consumption for certain nutrients and, when applied to a subset of a study cohort, can be used to calibrate correspo...

We consider the problem of robust estimation of the regression relationship between a response and a covariate based on sample in which precise measurements on the covariate are not available but error-prone surrogates for the unobserved covariate are available for each sampled unit. Existing methods often make restrictive and unrealistic assumptions about the density of the covariate and the d...

When performing nutritional epidemiology studies, missing values and outliers inevitably appear. Missing values appear, for example, because of the difficulty in collecting data in dietary surveys, leading to a lack of data on the amounts of foods consumed or a poor description of these foods. Inadequate treatment during the data processing stage can create biases and loss of accuracy and, cons...

1 Health Science Research Institute, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK 2 Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine, and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 3 Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA 4 Nutritional...

Nutritional cognitive neuroscience is an emerging interdisciplinary field of research that seeks to understand nutrition's impact on cognition and brain health across the life span. Research in this burgeoning field demonstrates that many aspects of nutrition-from entire diets to specific nutrients-affect brain structure and function, and therefore have profound implications for understanding t...

Introduction: A Canadian physician named Sir William Osler truly stated that “Tuberculosis (TB) is a social disease with a medical aspect.” The social determinants of health including food insecurity and malnutrition play a critical role in the high TB incidence in Nunavut, especially among Inuit. The rising epidemiology of TB indicates a strong need for improving the nutritional status of Inui...

Ethical regulations have become stricter throughout the world—fortunately so!—but this has not significantly hindered large-scale studies. Also fortunately, legal action does not seem to constitute a major threat to research outside the USA. In particular, epidemiological studies have markedly increased in Latin America and Asia, firstly with important contributions of researchers from North Am...

Nutritional Epidemiology Branch and Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics and Cancer Prevention Studies Branch, Center for Clinical Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland; MECORE Laboratory, St. Joseph Hospital, Bangor, Maine; Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agriculture Research Service, U.S....

BACKGROUND Setting research priorities for improving nutrition in Africa is currently ad hoc and there is a need to shift the status quo in the light of slow progress in reducing malnutrition. This study explored African stakeholders' views on research priorities in the context of environmental and socio-demographic changes that will impact on nutritional status in Africa in the coming years. ...

BACKGROUND Several statistical approaches have been proposed to assess and correct for exposure measurement error. We aimed to provide a critical overview of the most common approaches used in nutritional epidemiology. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS and CINAHL were searched for reports published in English up to May 2016 in order to ascertain studies that described methods aimed to quantify ...