The inclusion of internal noise in model observers is a common method to allow for quantitative comparisons between human and model observer performance in visual detection tasks. In this article, we studied two different strategies for inserting internal noise into Hotelling model observers. In the first strategy, internal noise was added to the output of individual channels: (a) Independent n...

background and aims. digital imaging continues to gain acceptance in dentistry and video display used for this becomes important. the aim of this study was to assess the influence of the display monitor on observer performance on caries detection. materials and methods. artificial enamel lesions were created in 40 extracted teeth at random using 1/4 and 1/2 round burs. teeth were mounted in den...

A hybrid static gain observer for systems described by a linear time-delay continuous part under impulsive feedback is suggested. The purpose of the observer is to asymptotically drive the state estimation error in the continuous states to zero and synchronize the sequence of modulated jump instants estimated by the observer with that of the plant. Conditions on the observer gain matrix to loca...

This paper deals with the design of a nonlinear observer for the inverted pendulum. The observer uses the standard structure of the linear observer with the linear model replaced by a nonlinear model. Nominal observer gains are determined from a linearized model. This model is also used to find a compromise between robustness and performance. The stability of the observer is then discussed and ...

A neural network (NN)-based adaptive controller with an observer is proposed for the trajectory tracking of robotic manipulators with unknown dynamics nonlinearities. It is assumed that the robotic manipulator has only joint angle position measurements. A linear observer is used to estimate the robot joint angle velocity, while NNs are employed to further improve the control performance of the ...

PURPOSE To evaluate the incremental value of a combination of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and ultrasonography (US), compared to US alone, for diagnosing biliary atresia (BA) in neonates and young infants with cholestasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The institutional review board approved this retrospective study. The US and MRCP studies were both performed on 64 neonates and...

This paper demonstrates the solutions of digital observer implementation for industrial applications. A nonlinear high-gain discrete observer is proposed to compensate the tracking error due to the flexibility of robot manipulators. The proposed discrete observer is obtained by using Euler approximate discretization of the continuous observer. A series of experimental validations have been carr...

In this paper, H∞ controller is synthesized for networked systems subject to random transmission delays with known upper bound and different occurrence probabilities in the both of feedback (sensor to controller) and forward (controller to actuator) channels. A remote observer is employed to improve the performance of the system by computing non-delayed estimates of the sates. The closed-loop s...