Mercury exists in various chemical forms. The important forms from a toxicological viewpoint are the metallic form, also called the elemental form, the divalent inorganic forms and methylmercury compounds. Elemental (Hg0) mercury has a high vapor pressure and the vapor causes a number of cases of poisoning via inhalation. Classical mercury poisoning is characterized by a triad of signs, namely ...

toxicology, as a multidisciplinary field, provides career opportunities for graduates with medical, or veterinarian, pharmacological, pharmaceutical, biological, microbiological, molecular biological, chemical, biochemical, and genetic backgrounds. today, however, specialists with a university degree in toxicology or a postgraduate training in toxicology have a clear advantage. postgraduate dip...

Hydroquinone (HQ) is a high-volume commodity chemical used as a reducing agent, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, and chemical intermediate. It is also used in over-the-counter (OTC) drugs as an ingredient in skin lighteners and is a natural ingredient in many plant-derived products, including vegetables, fruits, grains, coffee, tea, beer, and wine. While there are few reports of adverse h...

Biological monitoring and biomarkers are used in occupational toxicology for a more accurate risk assessment of occupationally exposed people. Appropriate and validated biomarkers of internal dose, like urinary metabolites, besides to be positively correlated with external exposure, have a predictive value to the risk of adverse effects. The application of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometr...

The past 20 years have seen many advances in methods for the assay of drugs and other poisons in biological fluids, with consequent improvement in the reliability of results. Therapeutic drug monitoring, drugs of abuse and laxative/diuretic screening, and occupational health monitoring have developed considerably. The value of assays with overt medico-legal implications and which require a high...

s of International Conference on Prevention of Contact Dermatitis, Zurich, p. 472. Shimojo, N., Matsuzaki, I., Homma-Takeda, S.,Tabata, K., Shinyashiki, M., Sun, G.F., Iida, A. and Kumagai, Y. (1997), “A novel hair analysis for trace elements on hair cross section bysynchrotron radiation x-ray fluorescence imaging with x-ray microprobe”, Journal of Occupational Health, Vol. 39 No. 1, pp...