Bus travel time on road section is defined and analyzed with the effect of multiple bus lines. An analytical model is formulated to calculate the total red time a bus encounters when travelling along the arterial. Genetic algorithm is used to optimize the offset scheme of traffic signals to minimize the total red time that all bus lines encounter in two directions of the arterial. The model and...

Let’s commemorate the 100th anniversary of “pervaporation” by committing ourselves to position it as it deserves. Dear editor, this Submission is a letter to the Editor, and thus, a abstract does not apply.Therefore, this section will be used as a space for my comment or suggestion because it is needed for the next step. When we submit a letter to the editor,...

This study found the relationship between general environment knowledge and carbon offsets knowledge is inversely related and no significant differences in general environment or carbon offset behavior exists between levels of knowledge. The findings lend support that consumers may misunderstand 'carbon offset' claims thus public policy intervention is required.

Mincer wage equations focus on the earnings premium associated with additional schooling for a cross section of individuals of different ages but generally fail to account for changes in education quality over time. More fundamentally, school attainment is an inadequate proxy of individual skills, when both family inputs and ability affect cognitive skills. We combine quality-adjusted measures ...

At low frequencies, offset, 1/f noise and drift are the dominant error sources of operational amplifiers. This is especially true in CMOS technology. This chapter reviews precision techniques that can be used to achieve low 1/f noise and low offset in operational amplifiers. There are three types of CMOS offset cancellation techniques: trimming, chopping, and auto-zeroing. Trimming is usually p...

A three-dimensionally periodic dielectric structure with a large complete photonic band gap ~PBG! is presented. The structure is distinguished by a sequence of planar layers, identical except for a horizontal offset, and repeating every three layers to form an fcc lattice. The layers can be thought of as an alternating stack of the two basic two-dimensional ~2D! PBG slab geometries: rods in air...

For the problem of stiffness calculation a composite slim beam with reinforced concrete truss slab as floor slab, short-term deflection is calculated and analyzed by theoretical numerical methods. The result shows that load-deflection curve linear in middle span beam, cross section ideal section. flat can be according to elastic theory. area converted into steel method conversion section, then ...