The effects of incorporating conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and fish oil in laying hen diets on egg CLA, n-3 fatty acid, tocopherol, and TBA reactive substances (TBARS) during 60 d of storage were investigated. Hens were fed corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 3% yellow grease (YG), 2.75% yellow grease + 0.25% CLA (YG-CLA), 2.5% yellow grease + 0.25% CLA + 0.25% fish oil (YG-CLA-FO), or 2....

Castor oil is the source of numerous products and is the only commercial source of the fatty acid ricinoleate, 12-hydroxy-oleate. Hydrogenated castor oil is similarly useful as the source of 12-hydroxy-stearic acid, best known as a component of lithium grease. Monoand diacylglycerols are derived from castor oil and are useful in development of lubricants and emulsifiers for cosmetics, pharmaceu...

Twenty-nine additives were evaluated for their antiwear and extreme pressure properties when incorporated in various percentages in lithium soap-mineral oil greases. The percentages of the principal antiwear and extreme pressure inducing elements: sulfur, chlorine, phosphorus and lead were determined. The most promising ones were further evaluated in commercialgreases and in inorganic thickened...

Knowledge of wheel–rail interaction is crucial to wheel and rail maintenance. In this interaction, some of the worn-off material is transformed into airborne particles. Although such wear is well understood, few studies treat the particles generated. We investigated friction modifiers' effects on airborne particles characteristics generated in wheel-rail contacts in laboratory conditions. Pin-o...

In this paper, the flow dynamics of polymer greases was investigated using micro-particle image velocimetry. Polymer have a different thickener structure, compared to widely used lithium-based greases, and they well-known ability release oil. How these properties affect grease deformation its is corresponding behavior lithium complex with same consistency. Two main tests were carried out, where...

The rheological properties of lithium grease and polyurea at different temperatures consistencies were determined with a rotary rheometer. plateau moduli the greases calculated, mechanism influence consistency temperature on was explained. tribological wear two measured by high-temperature friction tester. mechanisms are probed lubricating grease. results show that modulus GN can be used to ass...

Oil and gas field wastewater or produced water is a significant waste stream in the oil and gas industries. In this study, the performance of a membrane sequencing batch reactor (MSBR) and membrane sequencing batch reactor/reverse osmosis (MSBR/RO) process treating produced wastewater were investigated and compared. The MSBR was operated in different hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 8, 20 and ...