نتایج جستجو برای: opec follows a bureaucratic structure
تعداد نتایج: 13712293 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
This Joint Report does not necessarily express the positions of the member countries of IEA, OECD and the World Bank, and those of OPEC and of the Governments it represents. IEA, OPEC, OECD, and the World Bank assume no liability or responsibility whatsoever for the use of the data or analyses contained in this Joint Report and nothing in this Joint Report shall be construed as interpreting or ...
We investigate evidence on the effects of OPEC announcements on world oil prices by examining announcements from both official conferences and ministerial meetings on major international crudes, including the key benchmarks and several other heavy and light grades. With data from 1982 to 2008, we use event study methodology and find differentiation in the magnitude and significance of market re...
boron nitride semiconducting zigzag swcnt, $b_{cb}$$n_{cn}$$c_{1-cb-cn}$, as a potential candidate for making nanoelectronic devices was examined. in contrast to the previous dft calculations, wherein just one boron and nitrogen doping configuration have been considered, here for the average over all possible configurations, density of states (dos) was calculated in terms of boron and nitrogen ...
BACKGROUND There is a large body of literature examining income in relation to health expenditures. The share of expenditures in health sector from GDP in developed countries is often larger than in non-developed countries, suggesting that as the level of economic growth increases, health spending increase, too. OBJECTIVES This paper estimates long-run relationships between health expenditure...
The main aim of this survey is to investigate the evolution of the OPEC mode of behavior and link the evolution to some important events in the (global) crude oil market. The dominant conclusion of this survey confirms that the primary purpose of OPEC has been to coordinate and unify the petroleum policies of its member countries, in order to secure their individual and collective interests. OP...
How to combat corruption while maintaining absolute power is a central dilemma facing rulers of authoritarian countries. External monitoring institutions such as independent judiciary and enforcement agencies are incompatible with the structure of authoritarian regimes, whose anti-corruption strategies are often limited to methods of oversight and control within bureaucratic organizations. This...
The membership structure matters to ensure a durable negotiating forum in an international organization. However, July 2017, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, on behalf of Organization Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), requested Indonesia reactivate its membership, which country had suspended—for second time—in November 2016. first suspension was January 2009—annulled Government (G...
This study initially calculates export sophistication of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries to 
 make a comparison in the region between OPEC non-OPEC for 2004-2016 period. Secondly, short long run empirical analysis are applied examine effect on GDP per capita growth controlling several macroeconomic variables. Lastly, panel VAR is utilized decompose variation rate. Empirical f...
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