human’s disregard to nature and consequently his living environment’s distance from natural endowments and potentials have caused many problems. human’s living spaces are less desirable for him, and have destroyed his comfort in many cases, as man-made things. in this regard, public open spaces in residential areas can be mentioned because they are usually considered among the most vulnerable s...

urban design and landscape architecture are considered as modern art (knowledge) which are developed through integration of various art and science fields of studies. formal emergence of urban design in 60s and landscape design is occurred at the beginning of 20th century. the success of these two fields is because of their attention to environmental qualities upgrade in public and open spaces ...

‎A topological space is called submaximal if each of its dense subsets is open and is called nodec if each of its nowhere dense ea subsets is closed‎. ‎Here‎, ‎we study a variety of spaces some of which have already been studied in $C(X)$‎. ‎Among them are‎, ‎most importantly‎, ‎quasi $P$-spaces and pointwise quasi $P$-spaces‎. ‎We obtain some new useful topological characterizations of quasi $...

Sustainable tall buildings that provide comfortable, healthy and efficient indoor environments are clearly desirable as the densification of living and working space for the world’s increasing population proceeds. For environmental concerns, these buildings must also be energy efficient. One component of these tasks is the provision of indoor air quality and thermal comfort, which can be enhanc...

Sustainable tall buildings that provide comfortable, healthy and efficient indoor environments are clearly desirable as the densification of living and working space for the world’s increasing population proceeds. For environmental concerns, these buildings must also be energy efficient. One component of these tasks is the provision of indoor air quality and thermal comfort, which can be enhanc...

Soft storey buildings are characterized by having a storey which has a lot of open spaces. This soft storey creates a major weak point in an earthquake. Since soft stories are classically associated with retail spaces and parking garages, they are often on the lower stories of a building, which means that when they collapse, they can take the whole building down with them, causing serious struc...

various view points of the library planners about the future’s library buildings have been explained in this paper. with the advances in information technology, some librarians believe that modern and well planned library buildings are not so necessary in the future. on the other hand, many others believe that more modern and well technologically equipped library buildings should be built to fu...

People’s lifestyle, traditions and culture affect the way they live, interact with the built environment and erect buildings. Lifestyle influences the physical characteristics of the space such as: organization of spaces, distances between spaces and location of spaces. Taking lifestyle aspects into account by architects would provide comfortable environment that is tailored to people needs and...

Conditioning and ventilating open office spaces requires innovations as new buildings aim to be more intelligent, energy efficient and healthy. This paper explores the possibility of using a localized airflow to divide an open cubicle office into zones without partition walls. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to simulate localized airflow in a cubicle office and both the energy...