Abstract Territoriality and parental care are complex reproductive behaviors found in many taxa from insects to mammals. Parental can be carried out by the female, male, or both, depending on species. Territoriality, contrast, is predominantly displayed males. Different selective pressures imposed individuals sex performing territorial may also lead sexual differentiation other life-history tra...

Territorial behaviour can only be adaptive if its costs are outweighed by its benefits. Territorial individuals incur costs by defending their territories against intruders. Usually these intruders are assumed to be non-territorial floaters attempting to take over the whole territory or neighbours trying to extend the borders of their own territory. We instead investigate how costs and benefits...

This study examines the expanded role of the nurse as a specific example of the extension of professional boundaries. Three characteristics of professional territoriality--autonomy, accountability, and identity--were selected as variables in the study. The specific objectives were to examine attitudes of members of the nursing and medical profession toward the expanded role of the nurse, and to...

Territoriality carries costs and benefits, which are commonly affected by the spatial and temporal abundance and predictability of food, and by intruder pressure. Giant otters (Pteronura brasiliensis) live in groups that defend territories along river channels during the dry season using chemical signals, loud vocalizations and agonistic encounters. However, little is known about the territoria...

This paper explores the relationship between companies Square-Enix and Disney as played out within the games of the Kingdom Hearts (キングダムハーツ) franchise. We contrast the relationship between these two transnational companies within the franchise's aesthetics and theoretical logics over the course of the various games. We are particularly interested in the games' own thematization and problematiz...

We use an exocentric pointing task to study exocentric visual directions to targets that are opposite to a pointer relative to the observer. (The apparent distance between the target and the pointer always exceeded 90 degrees of visual angle.) All pointing takes place in the horizontal plane at eye height. Observers could not see both target and pointer at a single glance. They had to look back...

Dendrobatidae (dart-poison frogs) exhibit some of the most complex spatial behaviors among amphibians, such as territoriality and tadpole transport from terrestrial clutches to widely distributed deposition sites. In species that exhibit long-term territoriality, high homing performance after tadpole transport can be assumed, but experimental evidence is lacking, and the underlying orientation ...