We applied a new phase-modulation technique for nonlinear laser spectroscopy with sub-Hz relative resolving power to measure fundamental relaxation processes of the N-V center in diamond. Complementary EPR experiments versus temperature establish the ground-state spin character in the absence of optical illumination and show that spin-lattice decay occurs via two-phonon processes involving the ...

Optical spectra are typically normalized per unit wavelength or per unit photon energy, yielding two different expressions or curves. It is advantageous instead to normalize a spectrum to a constant fractional bandwidth, providing a unique expression independent of whether the bandwidth is in dimensions of wavelength or of photon energy. For the Sun, whereas a per-unit-wavelength spectrum peaks...

We have extended our investigation on the use of a linear algorithm for enhancing the accuracy of diffuse optical tomography (DOT) images, to include spatial maps of the diffusion coefficient. The results show that the corrected images are markedly improved in terms of estimated size, spatial resolution, two-object resolving power, and quantitative accuracy. These image-enhancing effects are si...

Utilizing single fluorescent molecules as probes, we prove the ability of a far-field microscope to attain spatial resolution down to 16 nm in the focal plane, corresponding to about 1/50 of the employed wavelength. The optical bandwidth expansion by nearly an order of magnitude is realized by a saturated depletion through stimulated emission of the molecular fluorescent state. We demonstrate t...

in this paper first we try to analysis the behavior ofthe soas in the optical networks and then have proposed anumerical simple model to simulate the behavior of thesemiconductor optical amplifiers. after that by employing thismodel as inline amplifier for a dwdm optical system, we havesimulated the transmission of 10 channels with bit rate 10 gb/sup to distance 3970 km with rz-dpsk modulation ...

Puroose: To develop an instrument with high spatial resolution probing chemical composition of comeal tissue in live animal model without interference of signals originating from adjacent tissues. Methods: A Raman probe for in viva studies was developed that has the required resolving power in space, obtained by a confocally placed fiber for transportation of the Raman signai. Resolving power i...

We present a method of performing high-speed rotational anisotropy nonlinear optical harmonic generation experiments at rotational frequencies of several hertz by projecting the harmonic light reflected at different angles from a sample onto a stationary position-sensitive detector. The high rotational speed of the technique, 10(3) to 10(4) times larger than existing methods, permits precise me...

We performed wave-optics-based numerical simulations at mid-infrared wavelengths to investigate how the presence or absence of entrance slits and optical aberrations affect spectral resolving power $R$ a compact, high-spectral-resolving-power spectrometer containing an immersion-echelle grating. tested three cases telescope aberration (aberration-free, astigmatism spherical aberration), assumin...

When we performed melezitose assimilation test in industrial yeasts, most sake yeasts failed to assimilate melezitose, while the other industrial yeasts could. We therefore tried to elucidate differences for melezitose assimilation among industrial yeasts. Results showed industrial yeasts had no melezitose resolving power on the cell surface, but had this in the cell. Also, the sake yeasts had ...

The resolving power of a microscope is one of the most important parameters especially when talking about modern high resolution instruments like TEM or STEM. In contrary, the attainable resolution depends on the resolving power of the microscope and the object and it can only be measured when imaging a certain object detail. Therefore, resolving power in this context means the object independe...