Human subjects decide when to sink a xed cost C to seize an irreversible investment opportunity whose value V is governed by Brownian motion. The optimal policy is to invest when V rst crosses a threshold V ∗ = (1+w∗)C, where the wait option premiumw∗ depends on drift, volatility, and expiration hazard parameters. Subjects in the Low w∗ treatment on average invest at values quite close to opt...

introduction abnormal neural impulses in the nervous system may lead to various diseases and disabilities. high frequency alternating currents (hfac) has been used to block the propagation of such impulses and improve the symptoms or disabilities. the technique is safe, reversible, and relatively selective, and its reliability, the optimum stimulation parameters, and elimination of the onset re...

Determination of the threshold values of support and confidence, affect the quality of association rule mining up to a great extent. Focus of my study is to apply weighted PSO for evaluating threshold values for support and confidence. The particle swarm optimization algorithm first searches for the optimum fitness value of each particle and then finds corresponding support and confidence as mi...

Score normalization has become necessary for speaker verification systems, but general principles leading to optimum performance are lacking. In the paper, theoretical analyses to optimum normalization are given. Under the analyses, four existing methods based on likelihood ratio, cohort, a posteriori probability and pooled cohort are investigated. Performance of these methods in verification w...

This paper proposes a lossless data hiding technique for JPEG images based on histogram pairs. It embeds data into the JPEG quantized 8x8 block DCT coefficients and can achieve good performance in terms of PSNR versus payload through manipulating histogram pairs with optimum threshold and optimum region of the JPEG DCT coefficients. It can obtain higher payload than the prior arts. In addition,...

This paper derives an optimum relay position of amplify-and-forward (AF) cooperative communications with the differential transmission. As a performance benchmark, we utilize the probability of outage, which is defined as a probability that the instantaneous signal-tonoise power ratio (SNR) becomes lower than a certain threshold. The optimum relay position is found based on the theoretical expr...