We propose a simple method for determination of polar anchoring coefficient by electrical measurements. The basic idea of this method is a two-channel scheme for capacitance measurements. The first channel uses one cell with planar alignment LC, the second channel uses the cell with vertical alignment (VA). Such method gives a possibility to investigate anchoring properties of planar and vertic...

Alignment of the body to the gravitational vertical is considered to be the key to human bipedalism. However, changes to the semicircular canals during human evolution suggest that the sense of head rotation that they provide is important for modern human bipedal locomotion. When walking, the canals signal a mix of head rotations associated with path turns, balance perturbations, and other body...

Precise binocular alignment of the visual axes is of utmost importance for good vision. The fact that so few of us ever experience diplopia is evidence of how well the oculomotor system performs this function in the face of changes due to development, disease and injury. The capacity of the oculomotor system to adapt to visual stimuli that mimic alignment deficits has been extensively explored ...

Binocular alignment of foveal images is facilitated by cross-couplings of vergence eye movements with distance and direction of gaze. These couplings reduce horizontal, vertical and cyclodisparities at the fovea without using feedback from retinal image disparity. Horizontal vergence is coupled with accommodation. Vertical vergence that aligns tertiary targets in asymmetric convergence is thoug...

Lithography as developed for IC device fabrication is a high volume high accuracy patterning technology with strong 2 dimensional (2D) characteristics. This 2D nature makes it a challenge to integrate this technology in a 3 dimensional (3D) manufacturing environment. This article addresses the performance of a waferstepper (ASML PAS5000) in several 3D processes ranging form waferbonding and thi...

Multiple core-sheath flowwas realized usingmatrix arrangement of 3D sheath flows.The sheath flowwas hydrodynamically formed in a flow shift area which has symmetrical microgrooves on channel walls. Vertical and horizontal alignments of the sample streams are a key element of matrix configuration. The flow shift areas were connected in parallel to achieve horizontal alignment of the sheath flow....

In this paper, we fabricated the inverse four domain twisted nematic liquid crystal cell using stacked vertical alignment layer on planar alignment layer for strong azimuthal anchoring energy. That makes possible twist structures under applied voltage without chiral-dopant, as a result, high transmittance and wide viewing angle could be revealed.

We propose an advanced patterned vertical alignment (PVA) mode with a fast response time through double ultraviolet (UV) exposure to UV curable reactive mesogen (RM) mixed in alignment layer. The double step UV exposures using a photomask divide an active pixel region into two regions with a modified pretilt region and a high elastics deformation energy one.

Visual space is perceived as continuous and stable even though visual inputs from the left and right visual fields are initially processed separately within the two cortical hemispheres. In the research reported here, we examined whether the visual system utilizes a dynamic recalibration mechanism to integrate these representations and to maintain alignment across the visual fields. Subjects ad...

The prosthetic sockets of 14 independent persons with unilateral trans-tibial (BK) amputation were mounted on an adjustable alignment pylon. Vertical ground reaction forces were recorded in neutral prosthetic alignment and in 10 degrees of prosthetic socket varus, valgus, flexion, and extension. Stance phase time, peak vertical ground reaction force, and impulse were all found to be increased o...