Abstract We offer several suggestions for researchers using corporate bond return data. First, despite clear instructions from older papers (e.g., Bessembinder et al., The Review of Financial Studies 22:4219–4258, 2009) about ways to compute credit excess returns, a lot recent research simply subtracts Treasury Bill return. show that this imprecision is likely contaminate inferences, as the rat...

Eurocentrism is criticized in many academic fields, such as International Relations, History, and other social science fields. Over the last decades, numerous scholars demonstrated relationships between inequalities Eurocentric approaches towards regional studies. Many whose origins are from Middle East have cited postcolonial literature, Said’s criticism of Orientalism, examples dominant Euro-...

mulla sadra treated logos (kalam) as something that expresses the inside of the speaker, and explained that divine logos includes god’s creatures and god's action, therefore applying the word and logos to the universe is true, and according to the definition, god is speaker. mulla sadra explains the divine logos and command in three steps: superior logos i.e. the world of amr, middle logos...

objectives: word definitional skills (wdss) were classified according to the quality of both semantic content and syntactic form. the aim of the present study was to investigate the syntactic development in wdss in typically developing school- age children. methods: in this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study,  150 of typically developing school-age children participated by the  mu...

Core vocabulary items (e.g. thing, way) are often viewed as the enemy of effective academic writing, and style guides textbooks advise against using them. However, their bad reputation seems to stem from a single-word perspective that ignores rich phraseological units such tend figure in. In this study, we focus on core lemma thing investigate extent which approach can redeem its reputation. We...

We demonstrate the advantage of specializing semantic word embeddings for either similarity or relatedness. We compare two variants of retrofitting and a joint-learning approach, and find that all three yield specialized semantic spaces that capture human intuitions regarding similarity and relatedness better than unspecialized spaces. We also show that using specialized spaces in NLP tasks and...