Loss of tissue, whether congenital or traumatic or resulting from malignancy or radical surgery, is accompanied by esthetic and psychologic effects. This loss is more pronounced when the affected part is the eye and all orbital contents, resulting in gross mutilation. Success in maxillofacial prosthetics depends on the full cognizance of the principles that underlie facial harmony, color matchi...

Defect inspection on lithographic substrates, masks, reticles, and wafers is an important quality assurance process in semiconductor manufacturing. Coherent Fourier scatterometry (CFS) using laser beams with a Gaussian spatial profile the standard workhorse routinely used as in-line tool to achieve high throughput. As industry advances toward shrinking critical dimensions volume manufacturing e...

Most patients receive conservative treatment — lubrication of the eye to reduce symptoms related to disturbance of the tear film. About 5% of patients will need more aggressive therapy (e.g., systemic corticosteroids, orbital radiation, surgical removal of orbital walls) to prevent vision loss caused by either compression of the optic nerve by enlarging extraocular muscles or corneal ulceration...

Of 76 children with histiocytosis X 18 had orbital involvement, and four developed additional neuro-ophthalmic complications. No instance of intraocular involvement was detected. Among those patients with ophthalmic involvement the main problems were bilateral or unilateral proptosis, ptosis, papilloedema, optic atrophy, and seventh nerve palsy. Only one patient developed a severe visual defect...

Secondary enophthalmos caused by an untreated orbital blowout fracture can cause esthetic and functional disturbances. The esthetic defect is manifested by sinking of the superior sulcus and the hypophthalmic globe. Functional impairment of the eye can usually be a common complaint with restriction of eye motion and diplopia. Early diagnosis followed by repair of surgically correctable fracture...