BACKGROUND Graves ophthalmopathy is a chronic, multisystem, autoimmune disorder characterized by increased volume of intraorbital fat and hypertrophic extraocular muscles. Proptosis, impaired ocular motility, diplopia, lid retraction, and impaired visual acuity are treated with orbit decompression and fat reduction. The authors present the addition of skeletal augmentation to further improve pe...

PURPOSE To compare T2-weighted fat-suppressed fast spin-echo imaging with fat-suppressed conventional spin-echo imaging in the detection of normal intraorbital and pericavernous anatomy and orbital disease, and to determine the efficacy of fat saturation with T2-weighted fast spin-echo imaging of the cavernous sinus. METHODS Contrast-to-noise ratios of normal intraorbital anatomy were calcula...

Treatment of proptosis in the stable phase of Graves’ orbitopathy differs significantly from that in the acute inflammatory phase. The treatment paradigm employed at the Harkness Eye Institute, reserves surgical decompression in the acute phase for those cases of optic neuropathy that fail to respond to orbital radiotherapy or when radiotherapy is contraindicated. Owing to the 90% success rate ...

AIMS The pathogenesis of thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to elucidate the gene expression profile of orbital fat from patients with active, but untreated, TAO. METHODS A case-control gene expression study was conducted using test samples of orbital fat from TAO patients and control orbital fat specimens; apart from drugs to control thyrotoxicosis...

Secondary enophthalmos caused by an untreated orbital blowout fracture can cause esthetic and functional disturbances. The esthetic defect is manifested by sinking of the superior sulcus and the hypophthalmic globe. Functional impairment of the eye can usually be a common complaint with restriction of eye motion and diplopia. Early diagnosis followed by repair of surgically correctable fracture...

The orbital area of 18 individuals was examined by using a combination of fat-suppression contrast-enhanced MR imaging to determine whether contrast between fat and surrounding tissues could be improved over that obtained with conventional fat-suppression techniques alone. We used a hybrid technique combining two independent methods of fat suppression. Subjects consisted of 16 patients and two ...

Four patients with orbital blowout fractures were evaluated by surface coil MR imaging, and the resulting images were compared with computer reformatted CT scans. The surface coil afforded significant improvement in spatial resolution, resulting in better demonstration of the blowout fracture. Surface coil MR was found superior to CT in the assessment of fracture site, extent of prolapsed orbit...

Orbital pseudotumour is a non-specific inflammatory disease. Its highly variable clinical and radiographic presentation makes specific diagnosis difficult. This study on 31 proven cases of pseudotumour shows that unilateral involvement, retroorbital fat infiltration and enlargement of multiple extraocular muscles with involvement of the tendinous insertions are key computed tomography CT featur...

Most orbital tumors are nonmalignant. Nonmalignant orbital tumors can arise from any of the structures within the orbit, including blood vessels, fat, nerves, lacrimal gland, and connective tissue. Nonmalignant orbital tumors can be grouped into cystic lesions, vascular tumors, lymphoproliferative lesions, inflammatory lesions, mesenchymal tumors, neurogenic tumors, and lacrimal gland tumors. A...