Enzymatic reactions in organic solvents are very common in recent studies, due to the high substrate and stereoselectivities of enzymes. However, in general, enzymes are liable to be deactivated by direct contact with organic solvents. In order to overcome this problem, biphasic reaction systems consisting of water and water-immiscible organic solvents have frequently been employed; examples ar...

BACKGROUND The use of non-aqueous organic media is becoming increasingly important in many biotechnological applications in order to achieve process intensification. Such media can be used, for example, to directly extract poorly water-soluble toxic products from fermentations. Likewise many biological reactions require the supply of oxygen, most normally from air. However, reliable online meas...

A case-control study of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been carried out in western Norway. The study included 93% of the patients who had clinical onset of MS in the county of Hordaland during the years 1976-86 (N = 155) and 200 controls, marginally matched for age, sex and residence. There was no statistically significant difference between MS patients and controls with regard to exposure to orga...

One of the most important areas of green chemistry is the application of environmentally friendly solvents in catalysis and synthesis. Conventional organic solvents pose a threat to the environment due to the volatility, highly flammability, toxicity and carcinogenic properties they exhibit. The recently emerged room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are promising green solvent alternatives to ...

A new molecular design of fullerene derivatives exhibiting trigger-responsive self-aggregation in organic solvents has been established. Calix[4]arene was covalently connected with fullerene in order to apply host-guest interaction to the aggregation control. The self-assembly behaviour was studied in organic solvents by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and transmission ...

Unfunctionalized graphene is positively or negatively charged when it is dispersed in organic solvents. The charging is negative in solvents with high electron donor numbers and positive in those with low donor numbers. We suggest that the charging originates from electron transfer between graphene surfaces and solvent molecules, and the stable dispersion of unfunctionalized graphene in organic...

BACKGROUND "Thinner" is a widely used industrial mixture of organic solvents. Exposure to organic solvents is usually not considered to be a possible cause of epilepsy, despite descriptions of toxic effects on the central nervous system. There are only a few reports about a possible epileptogenic effect of organic solvents exposure. We report a case of myoclonic seizure at the workplace that sh...

We describe the discovery and evaluation of a semi-perfluoroalkyl resorcinarene photoresist which is processable in hydrofluoroether solvents (HFEs). This novel, high-performance imaging material is specifically designed to be orthogonal to the vast majority of organic conductors and semiconductors, and hence enable their photolithographic patterning. Furthermore, this material paves the way fo...