BACKGROUND Metaphors in communication can serve to convey individuals' backgrounds, contexts, experiences, and worldviews. Metaphors used in a health care setting can help achieve consensual communication in professional-patient relationships. Patients use metaphors to describe symptoms, or how disease affects them. Health professionals draw on shared understanding of such metaphors to better c...

samuel taylor coleridge is the most symbolic of all romantic poets. through his creative imagination, coleridge creates symbols that disguise the philosophical ideas, and something fresh and unsullied out of the chaos of different images and associations. it is simply imagination that enables the romantic poet to present spiritually perceived things, and resolves his conflict by returning to “d...

The Templeton Crocker Expedition of the California RALPH S. LILLIE .................... ............. 386 Academy of Sciences: DR. G. DALLAS HANNA. 375 Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods: A Device for Measuring the Mass of Small The American Association for the Advancement of Aquatic Animals: C. M. BREDER, JR., and C. W. Science: COATES. Expanding the Typewriter: PROFESSOR Hotel Headqu...

The interactions between developing neurology and psychiatry in Paris are of interest, in a city which was the main center for studies on the nervous system and its disorders during the nineteenth century. Contrary to a common view, and in spite of an established tradition for mental diseases, emerging neurology had a much stronger influence on psychiatry ('alienism') than the reverse. This was...

The notion of information processing has dominated the study of the mind for over six decades. However, before the advent of cognitivism, one of the most prominent theoretical ideas was that of Habit. This is a concept with a rich and complex history, which is again starting to awaken interest, following recent embodied, enactive critiques of computationalist frameworks. We offer here a very br...

In his Anatomie generale, Bichat compared his twenty-one organic elements to the thirty-three elements of chemistry Lavoisier had described in his Traite elementaire de chimie of 1789. The simple bodies of chemistry, he wrote, are caloric, light, hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and so on. The simple bodies or tissues of anatomy are (1) the cellular membrane, (2) the nerves of th...

Soemmerring corresponded with many eminent contemporaries-other naturalists, as well as philosophers and poets. In the process, he came to occupy a central place in the cultural life ofthe German Ldnder during the period which the Germans tend to refer to as "the Goethe era". This central position has made it possible for Gunter Mann, Jost Benedum, and Werner F. Kummel to give the title of 'Soe...

PAUL JULIAN WEINDLING, Darwinism and social Darwinism in Imperial Germany: the contribution of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig (1849-1922), Forschungen zur Neueren Medizinund Biologiegeschichte 3, Stuttgart and New York, Gustav Fischer, 1991, pp. 355, illus., DM 148.00 (3-437-11305-4). This is the first major study for thirty years of the cell biologist Oscar Hertwig, whose matriculation and r...

Systems engineering was engendered, partly, to manage rising complexity in man-made systems, which was supposedly threatening to overwhelm engineering managers in the second half of the 20 Century; it was also inspired by a need to “get the best” out of, i.e. to optimize the performance of, complex military systems. The, then, new discipline appears retrospectively to have been founded in biolo...