after the formation of islamic governement by the prophet mohammad in medina and expansion of islamic territory to the whole arabia peninsula and then to realm of persian and roman empires, the establishment and development of a financial and administrative organization was inevitable. accordeing to historical sources, the heritage of persian administration was entered into islamic organization...

information organization (i.e., cataloging, classification, abstracting and indexing) is a crucial service in libraries and information centers. modern and standard practices in this regard started around 1960s in iran. this paper outlines the development of modern practices in information organization in iran. it illustrates how iranian libraries and information centers implement standard prac...

Useless actions and work in software development projects do not increase the value for the customer. While getting rid of such waste may sound simple, even recognizing the waste is considered a challenging issue. Once recognized with its causes, projects are more aware of the signs of waste: the pitfalls are avoidable by knowing their reasons. On the other hand, self-organization and empowerin...