The paper analyzes the choice of organizational structure as solution to the trade-off between controlling behavior based on authority rights and minimizing costs for implementing high efforts. The analysis includes the owner of a firm, a top manager and two division heads. If it is more expensive to incentivize the division heads, the owner will prefer full delegation of authority to them to r...

The allocation of decision rights is an integral component of designing organizational architecture. Economists have long understood the importance of co-locating decision rights with the knowledge that is valuable to those decisions. Following this prescription, marketing scholars have developed strong theoretical arguments in favor of delegating pricing authority to the sales force. Empirical...

Fairness theory (R. Folger & R. Cropanzano, 1998, 2001) postulates that, particularly in the face of unfavorable outcomes, employees judge an organizational authority to be more responsible for their outcomes when the authority exhibits lower procedural fairness. Three studies lent empirical support to this notion. Furthermore, 2 of the studies showed that attributions of responsibility to the ...

Institutional authority is a factor that impacts adoption of IT. Institutional theory incorporates three different but complimentary perspectives and we used these to develop a layered analysis of IT adoption in organizations. We used a case study of State Government agencies in Australia to show how layers of authority influenced the adoption or rejection of technology and that such forces var...

Business organizations are held together not only by formal reporting and authority networks but also by informal networks that connect people across numerous layers of hierarchical organizational structures. People form networks of contacts and communications and through these networks they ‘get things done’. Although extensive research has been carried out on social networks the application o...

In the process of a research project to evaluate accident models, I looked in detail at a variety of spacecraft and aircraft accidents that in some way involved software [8]. The accidents studied all demonstrated the usual cultural, organizational, and communications problems such as complacency, diffusion of or lack of responsibility and authority for safety, low-level status and inappropriat...

Recent discourse on modernizing leadership has often placed strong emphasis on values and ethics. This article elaborates challenges in leadership of large organizations, most notably in regards to appraisals of values-based leadership (VBL). It is proposed that if challenges are not identified, it would lead to unintended consequences, such as insignificant value-statements, inappropriate use ...

Using a qualitative design, we develop a model of discrimination lawsuit resolution identifying type of discrimination, firms’ verbal and behavioral responses, and stakeholder mobilization as key. Data from media accounts of lawsuits reveal four paths to resolution, distinguishable largely by the type of discrimination they represent. Findings also highlight aspects of race discrimination and s...

This tutorial covers organizational identifiers assigned by the IEEE Registration Authority (IEEE RA) and extended identifiers based on them. It covers identifier formats, assignment, guidelines, and policies relevant to assignees as well as to standards developers. The tutorial includes information relevant to organizational identifiers, such as Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI) and Com...

Point-of-care testing (POCT) has evolved as an important part of laboratory medicine by virtue of its compactness, portability, and the feasibility of operation by nonlaboratory personnel, where fast and accurate testing methods are a primary concern and, as a result, improving the patient care. To successfully achieve POCT quality in networks, a multidisciplinary organizational approach is req...