International Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 170 vated rates of pregnancy and STIs (including HIV) among maternal orphans, but not among paternal orphans;3,4 and a third found that risk emerged for paternal orphans only if the father’s death had occurred when the child was younger than 12.6 Qualitative research is needed to better understand orphans’ emotional response to their ...

A substantial literature has been developed around whether orphans, a population rapidly expanding due to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, suffer disadvantage relative to their non-orphaned peers. Despite this attention, however, the exact nature of the orphan disadvantage and the specific mechanisms driving such disadvantage are poorly understood. This paper focuses on pregnancy outcomes, an area of par...

BACKGROUND HIV/AIDS has orphaned 11.6 million children in sub-Saharan Africa. Expanded antiretroviral therapy (ART) use may reduce AIDS orphanhood by decreasing adult mortality and population-level HIV transmission. METHODS We modeled two scenarios to measure the impact of adult ART use on the incidence of orphanhood in 10 sub-Saharan African countries, from 2009 to 2020. Demographic model da...

A study on the new role of the elderly as caretakers of orphans was conducted in a rural part of Kenya applying a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. One out of three children had lost at least one biological parent and one of nine had lost both. These figures are increasing exponentially. Most orphans were cared for by relatives, and about one out of five caretakers was 55 yea...

It is estimated that Malawi has about 900,000 orphans, the majority of whom are orphaned as a result of AIDS. Orphans in rural areas are mostly neglected by economic and social empowerment initiatives. This study was conducted to explore the living situation of orphans in rural Thyolo District, southern Malawi. Qualitative methodology was used in data collection and analysis to explore orphan c...

This research broadly maps the territory of moral exclusion to include communication within its boundaries. Communicative strategies may provide the means for the interruption or even the reversal of the moral-exclusion cycle. While the current studies do not provide empirical verification of the reversal mechanism, they do prepare the theoretical groundwork through the use of a contemporary ex...

In sub-Saharan Africa, 43 million children under the age of 18 have lost one or both parents to AIDS, conflict or other causes. This large number strains systems by which families and communities have traditionally provided care for orphans. Support for some orphans is being provided by a variety of government, community and non-governmental organizations but this assistance reaches only a smal...

This paper describes the support systems available for orphans in a rural Luo community in Nyang'oma sub-location in Bondo District of Western Kenya. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with orphaned children and their caretakers as well as key informants, and through focus group discussions with orphaned children, widows and community elders. Quantitative data were obta...

We estimate the short and long term effect of maternal and paternal death on children’s school enrolment, education attainment, and health in Indonesia, then compare it to the effect of chronic poverty. We also investigate whether there are any gender dimensions on the effects. Using a sufficiently long-spanning longitudinal dataset, we find that young maternal orphans have worse educational ou...