Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the well-recognized outcome measure instruments (Medical Outcome Study Short Form-SF-36, Western Ontario and McMaster University Osteoarthritis Index-WOMAC, McMaster Toronto Arthritis Patient Preference Disability Questionnaire-MACTAR) for patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty in Iran, with its cultural and ethnic differences and com...

Purpose The measurement of standard visual acuity (VA) is the most well-known part any ophthalmic examination to indicate function. Despite this, it insensitive in detecting early disease changes. Therefore, other function tests have been developed including low luminance VA (LLVA) and deficit (LLD). This scoping literature review aims summarise current published applications LLVA LLD assessmen...