Evolutionary expansion and complexification of the primate cerebral cortex are largely linked to the emergence of the outer subventricular zone (OSVZ), a uniquely structured germinal zone that generates the expanded primate supragranular layers. The primate OSVZ departs from rodent germinal zones in that it includes a higher diversity of precursor types, inter-related in bidirectional non-hiera...

BACKGROUND Propionic acidemia (PA) is a rare but severe recessive autosomal disease, presenting with non specific signs in the first years of life. Prenatal diagnosis is invasive (amniocentesis) and limited to suspect cases. No screening test has been described, in particular no correlations between prenatal sonography and PA have been documented so far. CASE PRESENTATION We report the case o...

BACKGROUND Hyperechogenicity of the substantia nigra was recently reported in patients with sporadic ALS with a frequency similar to PD. Data on the diagnostic utility compared to key differential diagnoses of ALS do not exist yet. METHODS We prospectively enrolled 43 patients with ALS, 29 with myasthenia gravis, 25 patients with inflammatory neuropathy, and 13 with cervical canal stenosis. A...

BACKGROUND The potential of hyperechogenic fetal bowel to act as a hallmark for prenatal cystic fibrosis screening in the general population is controversial. METHODS Our goal was to evaluate the incidence of cystic fibrosis in 209 fetuses with hyperechogenic bowel diagnosed at routine ultrasonography and with no family history of cystic fibrosis. The diagnosis of cystic fibrosis was based on...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the clinical and pathological characteristics of pure mucinous breast carcinoma (PMBC) according to internal echogenicity on ultrasonography (US). METHODS Thirty-three patients with PMBC diagnosed at surgery were included in this study. Cases of PMBC were classified according to internal echogenicity on US. The imaging features on magnetic resonanc...

The role secretory IgM has in protecting splenic tissue from LPS-induced damage was assessed in mice incapable of secreting IgM but able to express surface IgM and IgD. Within seconds after LPS challenge, 99% of the (131)I-labeled LPS was found in the liver and the spleen of both sIgM-deficient and wild-type mice. In the spleen FITC-labeled LPS was found on the surface of 2F8(+) scavenger recep...